Chapter 1

Circuits Principles, Experiments, and Semiconductors

road principle

Semiconductor

Electronic circuit experiment

8mm

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Celebrated En f Cuinmodity fot/Glven

Speckal Suppy Natural Celebrale 1 Prodhua h

Witting InstumeniManuitscfuning iner stry.

EEIFA

Discipline

Pr avnclalalebral-1 Product in Zhe. 3ng

Piovince. Provincial

NOTEBOOK

Linjiangxian

The rolling Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes. right or wrong success or failure

Turn the sky. The green hills are still there, and the sunset turns red several times. Spontaneous fishing and woodcutting

The people on the river are accustomed to watching the autumn moon and spring breeze. We are happy to meet each other over wine.

So many things happened in ancient and modern times. They all smiled lightly.

No.

Date

Liu Diaoli

Denhara

Lu Li

circuit

Principle

No.

Date

Circuit research content:

Routing analysis: Feizhi. Use your signal structure and parameters to find the solution of the circuit. (Using .…).

Electrical and Luo synthesis: given the solution of the electrical circuit, determine the structure and parameters of the circuit (may not live -).

Galvanic isolation design: Choose from several alternatives that meet performance requirements based on cost and volume.

The final structure and parameters of the road are selected based on requirements such as reliability and reliability...

Current: =bar

dg.

=4~48

p road

circuit.

-B.

one

uifeiyanlian

PG C) tt).

Under the relevant test,

Absorbed power Pas20

Send me power "ran <0

Credit: PtD-LUC>it)

Construction of circuit model:

I L=Ri

4=f0)

9=f(4)

Selectivity 9=Ou- =C9.

Basic viewpoints of circuit analysis,

①Abstract viewpoint: physical model-electromagnetic field model-circuit model,

②Approximate engineering observation points: op amps, diodes, and transformers.

No.

Date

Mutton plant, 521 fa) this t

Valid values:

What is the positive voltage)=Uhsit-④), there are extreme values.

Russian circuit: ay +bys= fax +bxs).

Tianyuan Circuit:

Lumped parameter circuit: The current flowing through the pieless element and the voltage on the component are not a function of the space and degree of the element.

The shape of a component is an integral and inseparable whole.

Distributed parameter circuit: The current of the flow bit transmission compensation and the voltage on each input are both distance 2. The pumping function is

It is used when the space of the component is comparable to the wavelength of the magnetic wave emitted by other sources.

Another situation is when considering pool leakage.

Example: Transmission component distributed parameter teaching model: four resistors in parallel (Russian question can teach him leakage)

One parallel capacitor (to find the electric field) one inductor (magnetic lift) and one other resistance (to report the loss)

ideal wire model,

Date

2. Kirchhoff's law.

1 current: di-er=eadal milk 2=entdz.

From the pressure: 9-4-Double=Two and North two good C good Ed=NE good B=VB.

Power bar: F=dq-E, dw=Fvot=dgEvot

P=said-dpt:U=江Eudt.=itbu）

On the non-related reference side, P West: i) U change).

KVL: Snake d=0, Lh=fat and good, so the three ratios=0, becoming a different ratio..

To the power supply: the voltage on the wiring is converted into the current flowing through the elemental body (Utah source)

Tested only by its internal properties. The outdoor connected yuancake station circuit has nothing to do with it: a two-terminal component

Dry batteries, microphones, etc. are similar to voltage sources

This solar battery maker is the source of electricity.

controlled power supply,

VUVs, VCCS.Ccus, CCCS (the other two C: controlled)

There are two components: the press port and the soup port. Therefore, the Internet was full of descriptions on Tuesday.

M: transfer voltage ratio.

h: transfer resistance.

B3)

gm: Transfer is also fun

()

Fiy

P: transformation rei ratio

No.

7. Wide resistance equivalent transformation.

A two-terminal network that does not have a single source can be calibrated with a resistor: Reg one long

①RP series connection

V=RV got

So Reg sleeps

= Rit-+Kn.

parallel connection

From the master=gong ten...ten, let=a few and one char.

=(six+

Therefore, Pe Er Le Er (this is eleven ten percent), then Ge=G+--+Gn

③Balance bridge

Yixinwu

④ YaA equivalent search and replacement.

door

Ras

bit=sign-

in punishment with a Ri-Rir

Us=Raiz-Rsis

Ui=Ris-Ri

No.

Data

Rz+ Ras tRr

Vg=AyRa public-&Rati

Rz+Riy+R

L= RiRasi-Rikna

kz+ Rst Rsl

Compare with the formula in Y punishment. Available:

RizRsl

RI- RE+R+RI

Ra=

Rag Aiz

R2+ Rsg+ Pg1

Rzz

AntRagt Rsr

Pz=how many tR+s

Easy to understand

Rs= RetRs+ 2

A=R+R+

•

5 other yang and shou pressure sources = the equivalent of full network Luo:

For this kind of two-terminal network, as long as the thick control is in the network, you can wait for one more outlet.

(Essentially, the ratio of the port is the same and the relationship is the same). Use the flow plus pressure to save the pressure to find the flow to pressurize the port.

He added the expression to express the Kai relationship, that is, to find the equal resistance.

3. Power supply conversion.

① Reasonable series connection of the main source (electric power source)

Ueg= Usit..-+Usn

② Parallel connection of ideal single main source (Bazi source)

② Actual independent source model and its equivalent transformation.

1s=//k

RsD

1G,

U-Bi

ND.

Data

④Subject to source transformation.

If the amount of control by the source in network defense is not in the second network meat being analyzed. Then you can control the source

The premise is that the control quantity of the controlled source cannot change before and after the change.

Transformation method class for secret transformations from independent sources.

4. Metal vapor semiconductor field heating in spacer tube

metad-onid-semiconductor-field-effeet-transistor

If used

In digital systems: gate circuits

In the mold scraping system: amplification circuit

Model: three-terminal element: such as N inner channel enhanced MOSFGT:

G:gate: shed pole: always open the way

one

S:SouCe: Source

Two full parts~than free delivery system.

D: drain: drain

Characteristics of the main character: Vas has an impact on the production of the Wu system between P-S.

1) When O

27 When Us>U, Uos -Cs-li, the switch is turned off immediately, and the 2S question behaves as

Capacitor, secretly MOSFET switch-capacitor model,

Eantis

Uox.

V/c

~Basic basic circuit of digital system

Moss/at-

3). When Uas2U and Uos>dlos1, the switch will be closed. The performance between Ps is

The voltage control is controlled by the school (similar to =KKa-K), and the force-reinforcement switch-current source model

ios

—

Wes

~Simulation system^Basic element-closed

^M Vas-u

27 When Us>U, Uos -Cs-li, the switch is turned off immediately, and the 2S question behaves as

Capacitor, secretly MOSFET switch-capacitor model,

Eantis

Uox.

V/c

~Basic basic circuit of digital system

Moss/at-

3). When Uas2U and Uos>dlos1, the switch will be closed. The performance between Ps is

The voltage control is controlled by the school (similar to =KKa-K), and the force-reinforcement switch-current source model

ios

—

Wes

~Simulation system^Basic element-closed

^M Vas-u

No.

Date

™

(UT when

Wo: Y•

Uss:2Y

oeLh

»Y

Wosk.

Let Bas-lin, when o

When compared to saton, atir=0, and 5 does not lead to absolute

When Uin20. ② when UescLin, D-S question is an electrical theory.

② When Uai2lin is used, D~5 is a voltage-controlled flow source.

NDs: Will-(Uin-W).

5. Operational amplifier

Instead, capture people and roast them.

W-

Output

rice

Non-inverting input clear

U+

Public side.

Mig

Dengen

listen

Zhu Shu's offering place: c

e open loop to change the continental number (open loop to increase the volume): A (L= A (CA-L) sAld.

The most basic function of Dafa, which represents U, is amplification.

This means that the A of the big tool is different. That fate is great, and it bothers me about temperature changes.

② Input resistance Ri, from the inverting input terminal and the same phase input, we can see the conduction effect of the input.

MT level.

④Output voltage Ro: The voltage resistance seen from the output terminal of this amplifier and the input voltage.

Level 5.

When compared to saton, atir=0, and 5 does not lead to absolute

When Uin20. ② when UescLin, D-S question is an electrical theory.

② When Uai2lin is used, D~5 is a voltage-controlled flow source.

NDs: Will-(Uin-W).

5. Operational amplifier

Instead, capture people and roast them.

W-

Output

rice

Non-inverting input clear

U+

Public side.

Mig

Dengen

listen

Zhu Shu's offering place: c

e open loop to change the continental number (open loop to increase the volume): A (L= A (CA-L) sAld.

The most basic function of Dafa, which represents U, is amplification.

This means that the A of the big tool is different. That fate is great, and it bothers me about temperature changes.

② Input resistance Ri, from the inverting input terminal and the same phase input, we can see the conduction effect of the input.

MT level.

④Output voltage Ro: The voltage resistance seen from the output terminal of this amplifier and the input voltage.

Level 5.

No.

Bata

③ Saturation voltage UUsct

Vedt

wds

Hot

When entering the foreign ub~+Vx) garden, 10=A can be achieved. This is the posterior sexual zone.

When the input UA is within the (02-L) VAu, t center) range, the output of the culvert amplifier is a Uot or tlle

Externally, it is equivalent to an independent source of pressure. This is a very harmonious area in the positive (and) direction.

DC into a low frequency field will lead to the ratio model of the op amp, (M B Li Guan 5, Ri-0.Po-0)

Make changes>

A(U-U-)

Connect the remote amplifier directly to the signal source:

For the following reasons, this op amp

The package route is not practical:

u.O

The difference between D.U. and Y is too small. (Otherwise, it is not in the linear zone 2. The input and output voltages are consistent with each other.

~). The open-loop gains of different devices vary greatly, making it difficult to match them into a circuit.

3) The open-loop gain of the op amp changes with temperature: this option cannot keep the amplifier circuit working in the positive band.

To solve the above problems. A portion of the output needs to be directed back to the input (to the inverting input:

Negative feedback; lead to non-inverting input terminal: positive feedback)

Ideal op amp:

Baoyou feed op amp circuit

U.i.

AAu

Uo-

-Au=U

From R and Min, both are KD and A, from 10 to 10, so the weapon ~ one answer is related to Tianguan,

D H set

The input voltage requirement is much lower than without feedback.

2) The input voltage is greater than i and the output voltage is V. Change the number of Jieshi to (camp)

3) The nature of the temperature change of A5 has nothing to do with the limit, and the fire safety A is large enough.

I really want to op amp on 5:

Biomass ① Input resistance Ra book ∞ = 24 = nine-two 0: seat off

②Output resistance R.为の = =AkGr-L+Ueo（：o）

② The open loop dares to believe that the number A is.》∞(h-LA)=Vo EF-Uat. +Ue. U4=L: virtual short.

Example: 2. Voltage follower.

2). Friendly phase proportional amplifier.

card

≥6

ui-V: Connect the signal source to the white I circuit

Isolate, don’t wear or put on your clothes unless you are away from home

ui0

The input voltage requirement is much lower than without feedback.

2) The input voltage is greater than i and the output voltage is V. Change the number of Jieshi to (camp)

3) The nature of the temperature change of A5 has nothing to do with the limit, and the fire safety A is large enough.

I really want to op amp on 5:

Biomass ① Input resistance Ra book ∞ = 24 = nine-two 0: seat off

②Output resistance R.为の = =AkGr-L+Ueo（：o）

② The open loop dares to believe that the number A is.》∞(h-LA)=Vo EF-Uat. +Ue. U4=L: virtual short.

Example: 2. Voltage follower.

2). Friendly phase proportional amplifier.

card

≥6

ui-V: Connect the signal source to the white I circuit

Isolate, don’t wear or put on your clothes unless you are away from home

ui0

No.

Date

3). Same-phase proportional amplification device

with i

4) And the adder is close to

+—

M t

ointment

Ten Cages of Sorrow and Twelve One

5) Subtractor

mouth

6) Voltage controlled current source

DA•

(birth and death)

U=R：1：（K）

7 negative resistance

Cloud porcelain has nothing to do with the load resistance value R.

8) Voltage ratio is installed (no feedback).

protruding

+08

order

MOR

U=-R.

with =U

Older than iUief, the car stole a Uant

If i

Some: evil.R•

No.

Date

A is only for the op amp circuit.

A small positive noise suddenly occurs at the output, so

-0+

There is a slight increase in the voltage at U terminal due to Vo AU-L-)

We,

And A is big. beyond the linear region. Therefore L. Open it directly as tlst,

Vice versa. Evil output soup produces beans) a negative small coffee sound. Take the meeting as Lt.

Property 4: Since the input resistance is infinite, the virtual break still holds.

② There is no relationship like ∞((U U)=Uo CT-UiatUsc. Virtual short is no longer the case.

③A-∞

7. Hysteresis comparator.

Uo•

Wsat

There is no reason for the purple sound. The output of this remote amplifier becomes +lit

According to the birth date,

When 1i< Uot, the output is 》Lnd, and Li increases to the point where Lk

When, due to positive feedback, the output becomes a Uint.

Once i becomes smaller than one kUiat, losing i becomes -Ust

The return ratio increases to Ut and decreases to one, which is aUaa

The output changes. This feature can be attached to the detection name

In a certain process, the noise interference can be eliminated within 4 degrees.

Return width.

2 pulse sequence to the generator.

The capacitor starts charging: L=-Ust+lo-(-Uoa)Je.

Capacitor charging station: U= Uat + lo-s Uot-Uiat Je't

Current month to 05 nti. L jump, the unified d.te time bar road enters the same period and stabilizes

Ue=-Uat+0.5lct-（-U/~）1o.

Na.

3. Two-port network.

Four-terminal grid 3

Network 2

Internet meat 1

Three Shave Network 3

½ network 2.

Public theory.

Erzhakou has C3=6 kinds of heart error systems. Now we analyze the G parameters, P test numbers, T reference parameters and winning parameters.

table):

Electrical numbers

reciprocity system

Symmetrical items

Table 2:

Gra=Ga

GI=Gzi

GHr =6n2

block

Electrical parameters

block

Bazi Gongshu

guide

Grid parameters

Transmission parameters

Resistance parameters

1B Ra/Le

Transmission parameters

TiT)

Mixing parameters.

(Hu HeV1

Ra=Rz

Ri=Baz

Hi2:-Hai

Ha--Hi

HuHke-HeHby=.

hand

People and friends participate in teaching

- device

The number of mud and mustard - Ran

D looks at the Y-human transformation of specific resistance from the current point of R parameter accounting for G:

TGas

U= R+R）N+Ri

Date

Team worker Qiao Shu's spectator B is also watching the resistance.

+ 8

heart

WIR

Ta = Gui: 0, should be a: Can answer in one step

- portion

) Bipolar transistor circuit symbol and Xiaoxin multi-circuit model,

Rbe』

IRce.Alce•

1Alte

Aic

AVce

1. Equivalent circuit of two-terminal p network.

Multi-break ginseng mature work type report: strong 0 means extension of time and waiting for release,

3 is equivalent to the T opening of the T parameter.

hanlan

IR,

TR：

Ri, =

4=Ra+R，

Rr2=Sitting=Rb

R.=Some: Rl+Re

R=R2-R1

Ra=Rr-Ra

Ro=Paa-Rz

Gr=yuan=GatGb

Gr2-long=-G

Gzl=share:-G0

Ga=long=GtGe

Lb=-Gp=-G1

Ga= GutGr

Gc~GrtGz1

T = long = reflection

Te=-secondary=level stir&

Tu=greed=too much

T will = No. 14

RI=class

-Tar

No.

Date

2. Two-port network connection

①Cascade

fierce

2nd road 1

Terminal 12

clothes

②Parallel connection

Yun San’s Ten Consciousnesses, Note Two and Ten Comments

For two ports with a common terminal, connecting the common temperature in parallel will not damage the terminal parts.

③

link

LR=R+

The serial connection of the two ports with enterprise connection theory at the common end will not destroy the Swiss condition.

Datg

4. Linear resistance circuit analysis.

1. Node pressure distribution method:

Select a node in the circuit as a reference point and set its potential to zero. The voltages of other nodes

It is called the node voltage Un..L and it automatically satisfies KIL. You only need to write this () node.

KeL3.

① If there is a current source, voltage source and resistor at the middle port of the circuit, there is a general open type:

Since phoenix is positive and the mutual conductance is negative, the actual voltage source transforms the force into the actual current source. At this time, it is a symmetrical short barrier.

② If there is a slow-control source in the circuit, first treat the slow-control source as the only source and list the energy-saving equation

Then go to the relationship equation between the special control quantity and the node voltage.

② If there is a resistor connected in parallel with an ideal current source or a resistor connected in parallel with an ideal voltage source in the circuit.

Then this resistor has no effect on the orange coefficient, and causes a certain flow input of the festival.

The voltages of my two nodes are known,

④ If there is a pure bar voltage source (or controlled voltage source) connected between two nodes in the circuit, you can

Set the reference node to the voltage source, add the voltage source and circuit current, and add

The electric area source is included in the generalized node and other methods are used to list the node equation,

(When using the generalized node method, the concept of "self-conductance" is broken)

2. Loop current method

In the circuit loop, if the outgoing loop current is assumed, the actual current on each branch is

The algebraic sum of all four outflows. Since the four currents automatically satisfy KCL, we only need to write

(b-n) loops KVL,

① If there are only current sources, voltage sources and resistors in the circuit, the two resistors must be connected to each other.

When the electro-hydraulic directions of the loop are the same, it is positive, and when they are opposite, it is negative: the electricity on the loop is in the direction of the specific pressure of the source.

Take luck when it is opposite to the direction of the loop current ((wash line)). (Contrast that with the positive current inflow in the four-voltage method)

②If it contains a source of exposure. I wish to find the equation of the sole main source, and then find the American equation of the inference quantity and the A road current.

⑥ When there is a Bagua source connected in parallel with the resistor, it is converted into an ideal voltage source. When there is an ideal current source

When looking for a resistor in parallel with an ideal voltage source for a series connected resistor, the voltage is ignored.

No.

④ Note whether there is any resistance on the common branch of the two circuits, as long as there is a current source. available

When Ding You chose Dusantian Road, he changed to Yuanliuyuanyou Road and was included in another loop.

Increase the voltage on the power supply,

It is not necessary to wrap the canton mesh by the flow source (with the KVL bundle with the meshing equation and the body).

3. Shengjia theorem

It is satisfied by the relationship between response (current in the circuit or voltage between two points) and excitation (single main source).

Additive treatment.

Since both the branch voltage and the branch current can be determined by the characteristics of the node voltage,

But it will be shown that there is no additivity between response and excitation in a technical resistive circuit.

Note: When there is a controlled source, the controlled source is kept in the circuit, the controlled switch remains unchanged, and the controlled source

The effect must be reflected in the combined main original circuit and does not participate in superposition.

Inoperative voltage source - short circuit

Inactive current sources are set to zero or disconnected.

4. Homogeneity theorem

It can be obtained from the difference between response and excitation (response and resistance):

When everything in the circuit changes independently k times, the response also changes k (including the controlled source)

5 Substitution Theorem

The left side of Handu's original source is also blocked. Separate security oil

UU-Rod, Tai side is the resistance ratio-Ri, then the system

The operating point is represented by the lower left circle. voltage source and industrial

The current source substitution also resists the branch on the side. Obviously, any parameter in N

Nothing changes,

Artucadly, using any strips and UL-ki

u=U.-RoD

M..

A first-class oral representation represented by a volt-ampere relationship that only has an intersection point at point P

The working status in N will not change even if there is a full mouth on the side.

Note: What is the relationship between the branch of the passive generation and the N closed element brown combination?

No,

Datg

6. Xiangweinan’s theorem

It is a single port consisting of a self-powered source, a controlled source, and a unique power source.

The series circuit of ideal voltage source ratio 0 and resistance Ri,

1 Voltage source: dead voltage due to open circuit

Resistance: The equal resistance of all independent sources in the port after they are set to zero.

10 The open circuit voltage can be determined by the voltage method, the four-way current method, the superposition theorem, and the simple resistance circuit analysis method.

②The electric anode can be calculated by simplifying the electric anode resistance, etc. It can also be calculated by listening to the open circuit voltage ratio and the short circuit current.

③ When the controlled quantity of the controlled source is at the port and the controlled quantity is outside the mouth, they cannot be equal, so it is L0~Ri

④When there is a controlled source in the circuit, etc., the positive resistance may be a negative resistance.

⑤ As long as the circuit that performs Dai Xiongnan equivalent transformation is playful (it is full of speculation). Transformations can still be made.

Norton's theorem: 10.Gi order Lo.Ri

7. Tellegen’s schedule.

Networks N and N have the same network structure, and the corresponding branches take the same reference direction.

If the voltage and electrode sinking of each branch are taken as the couplet reference direction, then we have

Jia Mo I = 0, boiled body certificate = 0

Proof: There are no k friend roads connecting nodes x.

Among them, life represents the electricity sent out of node d. Thin represents the current flowing out of node B.

Calculate the sum of the corresponding voltages and sinking and current phases of all branches in the circuit, simply

The above formula is the circuit voltage expressed as a point voltage, and then the current coefficients before the same node voltage are

Combined, we get the following expression:

8. Reciprocity theorem

pure me

biyin.net

Pick my own sex

Electric Yang Meat

First form:

Usslt)

Hao Ming: If there are no branch roads in the circle, then there are 6-2 branch roads in the square sill, and there are no branches above it.

The voltage and current are recorded as L (ratio) and current (=3.…,6) respectively. On the Aying branch in the right garden

He pressure and Chi theory are respectively recorded as proof 4 within, I this) (k3.…-2b), according to Tellegen’s theorem:

Because the two boxes on the left contain the same resistor circuit. Yes

This is the customer-charging system of Erfukou and Yi

second form lake

Lt)

individual)

Wlt)

Tut)

No.

Date

② When proceeding, the relative direction of current and voltage can be kept unchanged (Zheng Zhengyi and Chengdu are opposite),

D. Combine Dengar's theorem and Zhengyi's theorem and apply them to multiple voltage sources (electrically active sources).

It is very convenient to solve only the field current (voltage) of the incoming branch.

Circuit Diagram Pool: Time Couple Principle

Picture, evaluation method, branch road: Youzhi Picture: It is a friendly road. The reference direction has been marked (including the correlation).

Wang Tong map: 1 two 7 o'clock rescue road connection, horse map: G (book end. branch) CG (node, branch)

Tree: connected, containing all nodes of G, without loops. (Of course, tree is a subgraph of graph G).

Tree branch: the branch in G that belongs to Cai Ding; continuous branch: the branch in G that does not belong to T

It is easy to know that a graph with several book points needs to add n-1 branches to form a tree.

Invest in several nodes. 6 In the picture of Sun Branch Road, tree branch: 1 1 Connecting branch: b)

① Correlation matrix A•

Nounxb short array table branch and node association, including

branch road

Qijg =

Branch j is connected to Jiezhi. branch leaves node

Friend road j is publicly connected to node, what node does the branch road refer to?

⑦

Gao and Fang Tianguan.

People are also widely associated with the short array Ah e/oxcb, and the star is like an An with the linear element of the sky adding the amount of small lines (sections)..

;The associated short matrix A of (-)xb can be recorded in one row, and the deleted row (node) is the reference node.

If there is no branch circuit voltage, then there is no two (i...•station, the branch circuit voltage is two (...?)

Node potential = (a., Lan can, M=Ol reference node)

Rank A=n-d•RPn The number of unique masters keL in the branch circuit of hanging point b is -! !

②Basic loop matrix

There is no loop, and the loop is established to know the array BELb, combined

No.

Date

The loop element contains branch j and has the same direction.

loop. including the branch), in the opposite direction.

ibn

Incompatible six

Lianfan tree branch

nature

The existence of B ceremony will work hard to ask for pain - every killing branch will be included in a circuit.

B Each row has at least two non-existent elements - each four-way to bamboo consists of two branches

Assume that graph G has 2 nodes, extinguished paths, and n-tree branches! (continuous branches), trees do not form loops

8-(B..&1

Rarkel=Number of non-answer lines=bontl.

Jihe coffee drunk mix fast branch tree

No branch current》=(,1,), branch voltage =(L...,4),

Loop current = ( , - m)..

~KVL

③ Short array form of branch voltage and current relationship•

=Ri+RZ-D

T=GL+GU-Z

④ Knock into cubes.

The result is AI-ALGX+CI-N)=AGZ+ACN-A, eight of which are associated short Chen

EAGATh= A -AG should

⑤Four-way square seed

Derived from the above, we get BR&Z=&1-BRZ

② Duality principle

art work

variable

Component

join

Kinckheff

Theorem

Save money

Branch M

open the way

voltage type

Node he presses i

branch voltage

Resistor R

Inductor L

Voltage source U

series connection

Star AY

Thevenin

reciprocity-form

Na.

mesh

even branch b-nti

short circuit

Death by electric current

Mesh current five

Continuous current clothing

Conductance G

Capacitor C

Positive drip source system

Parallel connection

Three shape A

Nuo Jie

5 easy second state style,

No.

Data

5. Analysis of non-posterior electric tube circuit.

Definition: W twenty () into ()

Properties: ① Ratio-misnomer for economy and additivity.

The Taylor expansion of the system is on a certain upper level, and the old-class search term can be ignored (≥2).

Then the small perturbation and response in this vicinity are residual.

③ There may be more solutions or less solutions,

1. Direct scraping equation method.

{Pressure-controlled non-waiting supervision appears—Book of Good Pressure Methods

Flow-controlled non-residual resistor - four-way current method.

2. Circle solution

The components come with the Thevenin/Haoshun end beam as a gray dot.

3. Segmented lushness method.

That is, "Fake without a test"

Time 9- p kind of model of whole quality control,

i kslet-1).

Model 2. (Outer bladder > conduction resistance).

①Model!

② Model 3

(Ud phase is very small)

1=0,10

From ① to ④, the ocean difference is getting bigger and bigger.

④ Model 4. (The conduction voltage and are both very small).

V，U

U=0 70

No.

Date

small signal method

Background, tax incentives: U; small disturbance AUs (D)

① Considering only DC excitation, solve the nonlinear electrical operating point (Lo.L0)

② For the nonlinear electrical theory ratio = ten areas) and Xing Taylor Jukai, we have

That is Au = device Ai

(Both are functions of seven)

At this time. For Qingge Bar Road, when there is only Al Mo motivation, it is to find the follower, and the song is dug according to the line.

Dian Yang Yelu analysis method. Find out A from A, and then public = the heart of the instrument.

②Superposition of West Incentives

u= hotAut)

5 examples

0 Semi-pseudo rectification - stripped triode model 4.

E Two Card House Umnsomucatdt-The effective bit of evil is two, which is the beginning of Carictdt two

full wave rectification

package

saka panel

(Ui=Unsimut)

political approval

No.

Datg

③ Clamp.

Lli

Ben

LUni

-Uil-

5 doors

OR gate

④Weigh the pressure.

-min

Don't be too vulgar and the reverse flow has been within a certain range (Lsainslil Lame),

The port voltage always remains at ratio=-V.

The non-linear resistance of Huili.com generates new frequencies into the right.: No need for multiple factors, onion learning juice calculation system...

6. Use MOSFETs to construct amplifiers and gate circuits.

Four-color MDSFET electrical modification model:

(N enough Dao enhanced type)

Parameter 1UT, K

>Ues

When Ues CU is attached, isUtss=O, disconnected,

When compared to es21, it is turned on at this time. When Lhos

When Lis>Uis-UT, questions 2-5 are for voltage control. Yuhara Yuan:

ins two points (6s-LG)

i bile position R=

Llos

LGs-U

less (Uas-UT

When Lis>Uis-UT, questions 2-5 are for voltage control. Yuhara Yuan:

ins two points (6s-LG)

i bile position R=

Llos

LGs-U

less (Uas-UT

Date

①-Great clothing.

When Ucs is not a small number, 2 operating points are solved according to the piecewise nature method of "false no one test".

When Uis contains children, AUes is the output and AVs is the input, which is called amplified signal number.

AUps

AGs

AUGs.Aos

AVPs Ar Atte

dllGs

Als

= K(Uas-l)2Kluas-U)-Re.

In English and Chinese, R is the equal discharge resistance viewed from the PS terminal.

When UGS=ratio+Al, it is the synthesis of the above two, which is called the common source amplification outlet.

②Gate circuit

Go to the truth table as required (ntl, line 2'41, n is the variable in this series)

Find all blocking methods that cause the output to be the true input of this series.

These resistances are combined with the OR operation to synthesize a new unified hypersymmetric expression.

Simplify logical expressions.

Use logical basic units to implement expressions:

Inverter: A-20-Y:

olo

Carbon flusher: A>Ya:

Y=A. The expression of anti-karma signal in Chuanju.

NAND gate CNAND):

D Y

AP-

Bo-i

IoB

6. Time-city analysis of dynamic circuits,

1Dynamic component (energy storage Yuanyang). (making it seem non-time-varying)

Gentleman

Shengan

silicon beach

memory

"continuity"

Related oil

idtt idlt

energy storage

light.

Certificate) + udt.

w-/pat-bitwidz

=cfwt)

udu

=-Cuit)-=C1k-∞

Mang

w=lfpadt=jEwict

rdi

Actual:

Directly culminates in low frequency)

series connection

Parallel connection

Change route

Off frequency

(phenomenon

High power area

Qiangsi Liu

I am limited by time

convey

C=ZC

L=MLi

Shi = 2 Gong

90)-9(0)+Ttcdt

Transmission residual distribution capacity, MGFET electrode

Ylr)=Ne)+udt

Parasitism…

Parasitic capacity (, Cas)

Breakdown (need to mark rated voltage)

Excessive magnetic force may also cause mechanical deformation, and the overheating of the coil may cause the flow of fluid.

(Rated current needs to be marked)

Constant coefficient linear constant micro square pull (group)

No.

Date

2. Classical method for solving dynamic circuits

Free Dog Zone: Qiaoba Differential Square Futong Xiang.

1 Mandatory application: special solutions to partial equations in non-circular heavens

• Smart excitation o DC excitation

Reason: July 20, 00:00. The above-mentioned beauty incentive is in office at the moment branch.

①First-order power state circuit

The answer above is the natural property of the differential equation member.

) is described by the first-order constant system teaching the nature of constant micro and square particles:

2) If there is a dynamic component in the first-order circuit. Xian or Huainan turns it into AC and forms a circuit.

3) Find the weekly solution of the homogeneous differential sum of squares (without excitement) and the non-homogeneous fractional square Lat solution (with imperial excitement).

Open Ae

Dan style B stimulation is perfect.

4) The golden solution is the ten-hour solution of the call, and A is determined through a starting point.

(In engineering, it is believed that once the transition process of 3T~57 is over, a new steady state will be reached)

Let f ratio) be. Find the voltage x current (response) of the branch, f0) is the initial value, and ftlm is

Forced response (the steady-state component under DC and sine), work is the time band number, and there is

Substituting o into

Among them {Yu Chu) 16. Forced response.

RCWE=RC, 7 out of 7 are certain, R is the equivalent resistance of Daiyanan viewed from both ends of the moving left element.

② Second-order circuit

1) Two external ordinary differential equations; combining two equations with different dynamic properties can result in the state properties of both being the same.

The six independent energy storage works of Tong (without Fuhe)

Such as:

The following is the theory of second-order constant coefficients (non-homogeneous) constant-order multi-series

No"

Add 20 yuan to the goods + uslt 2,000 old friends (old incentive)

If there is no useit, then there is.

Xo t+20p*+wie=0

That is, X+20+W3=0

When A=0, the homogeneous equation has a solution ratio: C"t, and a posteriority-independent solution can be calculated through Liu Tui's formula

u = te 地 ti 永 times Tong Gu Wei Xin K + Ct) est

•

us aet

oat at+Ge eimaat

kS is less than the red coefficient

•

If you want to directly draw the time-decrease characteristic curve of the electrical parameters from the causative factor equation without that equation, you can

First, find the initial values of Biheshan and its first defense guidance;

secondly and move to live;

Finally, the damping properties of the epidemic process are determined by the two particles.

2 Nuohui will be motivated, and it will be analyzed based on the theory of the sub-level with coefficients to make a combined pull, especially the ground.

If the incentive is positive, then we have

Oiutejct

U"+2dU'+ aSU= Asiht+)-

•

Some special solutions to cure its secret state)-elriy)

then there is

It can be seen that the steady-state lang is also sinusoidal

NO.

Date

3. Pre-addition solves dynamic circuits.

Enter the response: the initial shadow is residual (the initial condition of the lung, that is, 1 L0-)

Cold state response: linear with excitation.

(all incentives, ¼B5…)

To calculate the constant response under arbitrary numbers, that is, decompose the entire response into zero input and zero states,

The guest input can be obtained through: grapheme (first order), characteristic root method (second order), etc.

The zero state can be obtained by decomposing any stimulus into some simple stimulus combinations.

Due to any co-excitation of the circuit.

Utilize the base step function and its delay. The excitation at time w~to can be expressed as

K Aohsr) Ar pt-kAZ)

(area 1) delay unit dolphin function.

"Zero state liquid properties."

is flsAthht-KAT), where is) is

The honey fast state on the technical road is afraid of the early brewing.

According to the additivity of qualitative circuits, the number of people on the road should be more than twenty dead h,

==≥

NO.

Date

When N~0, CT is good, KAE, unit off-shooting and number change rate make the excitation function PE) ~ 8)

The following illustrates the calligraphy of the unit impulse response (h()):

And people at-t ) represents an impulse function of the fire within time.Intensity! number

t to s t. ) unit step function meaning

t>.

Extreme worm s - t) = 8 ratio - t).

Assume that the dense state response corresponding to the unit step function e) (bit step response)

for her), due to the zero state line. The honey state response of and is

The zero-state response of "further one" is S-2, which is easy to see.

ht)=4g65)-St-A)]>product st)

The single-step why should be easy to find: Alt-to) Ast- to).

So far. The imposition of capacitive state response and zero-input response can lead to omnidirectional users under arbitrary excitations.

No.

Date

4. State variable method

① State equation:

Cross=A +B

Ai: Save variables! Each yang is independent of 1e.

Li: All incentives 1, Is...

1 can be used as a top-level network. You can also write the state square product for aspherical nets.

2 It is similar to having an output equation =C is also established, where the product is the column vector of the output ginger.

3) According to the principle of superposition, replace C wind-bang, 2 with a mouthful, and get a

There is a new circuit with m (state quantity) + m (independent), find the number of each power supply (mtn)

The proofs and ratios under separate effects are superimposed and divided by the corresponding CoL to get

Wen, carry out the combination of Mao and get the resistance of Andersen's AR+B equation.

②Solution: Feature planting method, Kaplaca transformation method.

5.Example: Simulation machine book solution to differential square cake..

One G

gtaytby=9：

NO.

Steady-state analysis of dynamic circuits under long sinusoidal excitations.

1- The basis of fractals (three primes of sine, power) and inverses

Theoretically, solving non-homogeneous differential equations can solve the response problem under sinusoidal excitation, but

Through the phasor method, the solution to the teaching equation is simplified and simplified.

Under sinusoidal excitation, the desired effect is achieved at the same time. The calculation for 2 years is also simplified accordingly. in use

After Fourier series, Ren Zhifei’s low steady-state response of dynamic circuits under periodic excitation

and power are becoming more demanding. .

Sinusoidal excitation: =Imsinwt+qi).

For its technique, the autumnal equinox. The results of addition and subtraction of the Tongjing rate bottles are the regular amounts of the Tongjing rate. Therefore.

In the nocturnal electric ring, the voltage and current are both sinusoidal quantities (the voltage is obtained through the above calculation),

Therefore, the analysis of sine weighing state is also time-consuming. For the elements of sine, we can ignore the frequency first and only consider the

Mid-face value and initial phase.

upper cile) = coskst+e) +j sin (cet+)

Fcoslet+4)-pe e lktre)

sinct tp) - Ln eiktkp)

三Zm Sirduvt+（=Im Ime utr= Im lwojetw7

-Im［rleifejnt］

Now i-lef increases by 1<4i. Therefore i=Im Miiedut7

"The American series corresponding to Yuan Yi was released at the breaking point of the trade. .

The luck and abandonment of the work cloud can be transformed into the luck of the work.

female

①Expression of i

There are two representations of i: i=124; and i=7:00p: +j2si4ls

Among them, 220, 4i6 [- is not wrong, so it can accurately represent a cup of cauldron, so that bit 1 represents a sinusoidal quantity.

②Phaseor diagram

No.

Dato

Since Wei is a complex number, it can be uniquely drawn on the complex plane. At the same time, due to the relaxation factor e

The existence of , the phase (in the same sinusoidal steady-state circuit) rotates counter-time externally in the upper part of the complex plane,

However, the opening of the extreme time position remains unchanged, so eust does not affect the calculation of it? , the process of reducing it to a sine.

②Liquid operation

The addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of 2=20m:tj2ai4 follow the arithmetic laws of complex numbers.

2) It is not convenient to add sensitivity to =1<4i. But let’s go beyond simplicity.

2= 2-9•3-4= 122≤④+4)

2/1= 21≤4/2-42= 2/3 44.-4)

=1.12［0p.+4）+jscale+4）

2:/23 2//22:Co4+jsal.) (Bcb-js4e)

=2//1［O0l.Cong t Sef ole tjpfl.cos4e-24/ Con4.）

=2./1［c4f.-4i）+.j 6lf-4）2

Special case: j2-4=1:490.144=244490

-j144-1<-90.2-4=2

-1-4= 12180124= 1-4+180)

2 Find the derivative:

) Report score: Jiouta "Lml/isZeictott了=JmnCiEaieiwt了

Today) Modulo: Neatjb 2lctid)=|ac-batd ledtbe)=Jic-bdiHkedtbs)

aibyc+d=latjbMctjdl

atib

ctj

rc'fd

jatbl

wxya

-1-4= 12180124= 1-4+180)

2 Find the derivative:

) Report score: Jiouta "Lml/isZeictott了=JmnCiEaieiwt了

Today) Modulo: Neatjb 2lctid)=|ac-batd ledtbe)=Jic-bdiHkedtbs)

aibyc+d=latjbMctjdl

atib

ctj

rc'fd

jatbl

wxya

No.

Date

④Component dog bundle

Capacitance: U Usacittp) i=C%=JzcCu sirt+.9+g0)

X capacity resistance: one bowl, Sui's: 0C.

Inductance: i=lankttg): UL says=15oL Isiktte+90)

X resistance: wLA resistance: once released,

From the above guidance, it is easy to find out that the one-port network under the sinusoidal steady state must work, so that

Z=Xue Ertai 19-9:)=124 =R+JX

The ruler is resistance, X is reactance, eX and flower-2 are impedance. Under DC cluster circuit

Let go of the obstacles of thinking, that's it. Mathematically, the DC linear electric bulb circuit is related to the steady-state

Linearity is consistent with the previous order. All the laws derived by Tiankiermi's loss are in the sinusoidal state.

All exist in the plural form and are available.

⑤ Power

Generally, P ratio)=NzUsactt4)xIsnlutrg.)

=U1-20ilut+4 sinktt 4i)

-U1 coskfu-4i)-ui ceslutt Qa+4)

=U2Cox -UZ cosput+ 4u+4）

This is what Wuyuan does when she has sex

Flat power: P=card PtJdt=U2 coxp is just the power consumed by the resistor, also in terms of active power

Power meter

What is measured is the active power. Such as current (effective value),

"The effective value of the public voltage. 4)-40-4i is the work factor angle.

No.

Date

Tian Gong power: Q=UI seinp tar)

It represents the power exchanged between one terminal and the external electrical energy, which is C.L.

Apparent power:

S=UI

When the constant object is still there at any time, 46 arrives, no.

Power: 4P20. Power fixed number after swimming

1Tightness: 14K0, advanced power factor

In actual monthly power equipment, most of them are inductive backloads: if the power factor is not correct, it needs to be inductive

The parallel capacitor on the load improves the overall power factor of the load and improves the power efficiency.

Today Jo's power group factor is increased from cOs (post-cancellation) to caspa (lag),

•.The active power has no effect when the capacitor is connected. UIxcop, =UICor=P.

=2oh-1:c09+j（2c4-28s4）

ileSN

2an-2codl)+Rscil-2s

-N2'+ 2-221:C4.-4.)

tNonp taip-

2004-4)

CoMlcosp

Trinity long tam-ton4)=well

wu~

tom-4h-temgp.)

This is the smile that increases the power from Coxp. to comf.

Summary: Gongsangke’s one is represented by the plural number one W = (cngtjusig (2cx:-j78a4.)

-uicodp- 4)tjuasodc)-ecrptjuisiy=_PtjQ

No.

Date

Maximum power transfer: The condition for obtaining maximum active power from a given power source.

77=

The variables are R and X, R20.

“Pquadratic=RPKT

) only the imaginary part of two is variable

•

It is easy to get X+Xs-0, that is, when

2) R5X is variable

.P20.: X4: When 0, P may reach the maximum, and the minimum capital is small.: R=R

Reef (conjugate)

Heart Pher-

11=50%.

322 Cai is variable, but Yang Kangkang remains unchanged.

ut lal cosll

u'corp

12+PY+21,crup+X：$4）

At this time -N House+X.

wfcos

3/+X +2 (2 c1l+s)

Jiudaizi—a device for feeling fatigue and stress.

) The handed spiral rule determines the direction of the magnetic key generated by the current and the situation of setting up this friendly bond.

2. Introducing the same terminal to determine whether the mutual magnetic flux is added to each other requires confirmation between the two circles. Immorality

3) Therefore, if the reference side of the flow flows in from the end with the same name, it is a circle on the reference side with the name of the hole.

The end points to the end with the same name, and the size is the heart, and vice versa.

The blessings are not counted in the heart, and the two perfect washing circles share the blessings of each other and strengthen the weak heart.

No.

Data

By making a circle, the induced magnetic flux can be generated in the center, and the mutual inductance magnetic flux intersecting circle 2 (center.

The s in the middle is the coil! The leakage flux passing through the body".

.The reason is the same as 2.

iosksl, the second one is good, the good two nature is pregnant with two p: 0, there is no leakage flux, two

4) Circuits containing listening are generally analyzed using the recognition method -.

eal.d series connection

U=Ten mountain strips, ten utensils, 6 bags+to say

=4t t2u) How many

Leg= 4+6t2M.

eg1.2 series reverse connection

U road one M device + several one M several

-2

=what+6-2what) device

i.Le= L+h-2M

Lian: Didn’t you test the mutual inductance of 22 this week? Once connected once and once reversely, measure the inductance Lo and Loys respectively.

:M=La-Leas

•

Called q2.1 parallel connection on the same side

LL-M

•Lag-Lt2-20

Ming 2.2 If the opposite sides are connected in parallel

suppress p

LL2-M~

Take 3! Travel to the pot and wait for school changes

•3

No.

Date.

Town 32

3L.tM

When the conjunction between the two Russian circles of the flower cannot be eliminated directly in "which type". Need to solve the loop equation

Sometimes. You can create a common agreement by adding a quick connection between two circuits that are not connected but have mutual inductance.

5) Transformer (H-MB)

eg.! Rongxin transformer

jwkg

To = (Ritjiud) stand + jwmi.

1i=j0ui+leotjwb）

original side

secondary side

EiwL:

jud

①

atjo)itjwmi=ratio

jwMi + (RatjwLst2) 2=0

Z22=RtjolstZ: total impedance of the loop

Z2+ LMF

Secondary side discharge circuit of air-core transformer.

Equivalent circuit of primary side of air-core transformer.

Rewrite the circuit square,

Got

Obtain hollow transformer Ding Xing and other electrical circuits;

end column

wxya

14L

No.

Date

You can also get a T-shaped path by adding a public hand to cut off the general 3.

1~3-

①D

U=JwL is positive, itjwl.i

eg3 ideal transformer (L, L2M 8, layer = n, on full generalization)

ui=ni

L=-632

~Ding

Reciprocity.

The ideal transformer has an equivalent resistance of 2: =n will) n.

It can be seen that the ideal transformer can be regarded as a voltage controlled by a voltage source. Controlled quantity, controlled storage,

G4. Center-tapped transformer

: Jin wave rectifier; phase shifter; two-to-four Yang conversion.

No.

Bag

2. Generalization of analysis to one-period non-sinusoidal steady state.

① Decompose the circle period estimate by Fu Chengye

=Qot nameCk sinkwoi+4

=aot Gsilot+P)+ Department, Cesilectt9)

DC component (value) fundamental wave (o noon) secondary wave elimination (R 2), effect.

② There are calculations that can change the value and reach the physical (existing) power.

No Sergeant signed Losalketr0e)

(w01 = sacrifice)

Lord)! 22kamsa kuntHedt=yuan), 2ben silkcst-e.) ZintlEetyl

: 2=, 284 is the station, 20 is the DC component, the upper part is the effective AC, this is the case for Ju Yi Ma

= 2+ articles UJncestlk. Uo2 Li Zhiliu's success story and Uincasf action both failed

②Steady-state response under the stimulation of regular children.

Will encourage Bori to solve the problem. For one item (direct communication, communication at each frequency), we should communicate with each other.

The graph phasor method restores the response of each item to a time-value expression and then sums it up according to the capital-additive principle.

That is to say, the overall steady state is obtained. It is also necessary to produce and absorb vibration at the same frequency.

Jane is far away from the possibility.

No.

Date.

3. Rate response - resonance + filter

When dynamic, impedance (amplitude and phase) is a function of frequency,

Note: Parasitics in MOsFET can also affect transient response and steady-state response.

Philosophical answer (short-shaped moon power and slight stimulation are short of five

Steady state response (small signal excitation) constant soup zone.

2Enter w

Casi

Alosz

Casl

+Cas tew

Casi

Al.

①

Beginning: us

KoN]

CGs=

Cass discharge and other discharges will

1:0

Gasz

Let the stimulus be Ali=Alas, and the Ato response be AVo=Alosa

Then the voltage gain is

1Uoloo) 0.

T=Bles Ces

Rtlow

2RoMCas2

(Uor@)20

Uol(0o)=16

T-RCosz

-A8.R

ikB

Alcsn

=-9mAHsso Ru=9AlloxsR

AWas

Alasr

Let L t) = Uo, the solution is

ter is late =

E(luk-t/4-Mp).

B+joCas

1-AZ0:,

)+jw CassA_

There are t legs = Tlaustall),

Enter U instead of 1 when w

[Rowb=Casz

…HSmRa

AVox,

1.Aio,

htK

•H：

9AA'

(eCask)

No,

Dato

◎ Classification, conditions, equal impedance and quality factor of human CR elimination

Network function Hl00) = will R: The steady-state response generated by the positive stimulation store at the circuit female meter

0l0=anctg "Award four-anc is an aretg (from silk card)

When o yuan, 1al is the smallest, 1H00 is the largest, Okw) to the customer point, ugi is in phase

ik) Third Prize, Ualay=lk

Parallel finger vibration (current vibration): Y=G+ilwc-yuan), HWw)=

Lord

0L)-anetgflwc-az)]

And when the vibration is limited, be brave and resist the heart. Chuanxiaozhizhenshi. Interference port, so the parallel components can be regarded as open circuits.

If the hidden data is divided into half of the joint, it will be short-circuited. On and off, the series frequency is smaller than the parallel frequency (mfcom

Quality factor:)) Nuo Zhenzhen’s output is amplified, and the corresponding table reduction coefficient of the third order is also fierce.

Xie Zhenshibilu’s energy of secular existence in a week

2 play: Zhuju can use the energy consumed by the network in one period

Uncle·LtW

The three general functions are to increase the frequency of travel and maintain the code;

No.

Dato

②Low pass filtering

No.

It's easy to make it happen

JHe

6.77

When W E is dead, mark the area surrounding の~W as the pass band.

We call it the short-stop frequency (half-speed frequency), which is considered to be a generator in engineering.

Lead through the upper limit of section 6.

③Qualcomm

JLE

H0) = long: for = yuan treacherous.

④)

Band pass 𤏁 wave. Constant resistance filter

wxya

low pressure

Qualcomm

†

DAW

Qualcomm's stop-and-go frequency is ten times lower than the determined stop-and-go frequency, that is

R Gong Tian Wang Shi

The first one hundred is the pass band, the return band pass,

No.

Datn

We wowls

RLC clearing circuit

1-wctjocR

Zleo)=

2(w.)

Ptjl one)

Upper j(-bowl)

Zlw)=

2(w)

,1C=

The larger Q is, the more tolerant the passband frequency is. Therefore, we should also consider the damping frequency.

3) With constant gurgling inner device

Qualcomm's cut-off frequency is greater than Low-pass's cut-off rate, that is

kc-ho.) Frequency press blocking

Filter with anode composed of RLC circuit

training

U4=

No.

Date

⑤All access to Chunbo

Phase shift bridge):

LDR^

gwe

Ko+small

wxya

with =

wholeheartedly

1tjwCR.

u juc

Phase shift bridge 2.

Fw:

Ack=

Uwl +itiR=o

2(1tiwcp)

.1Hw)=1,

qplw) = arctg (200CR)

+. Sanfan Circuit: Three B Source Source, Sanfan Moxibustion Plant, and the Loss Ratio Line!

D symmetric three-phase alternative.

JUa=NUs kt+p）

La-Fis (nttp-128)

U+uot Ue= L+Uo+l=o

U=FUchtt4+120

The pivot is also pressed

Secondary school supply》

B boiling pure heart karma Russia)

Cyouke())

-Line current

(no smoothness)

, Yang Current.

I'm stressed

Us=Un-L=1A-UK-1~-FU230°

4u+4+2e=0-iw

LA=la6-Lea~12＜-3

UAB L,Uae-lk,Uea-lie

No.

Date

For the illumination resistance of the connection. It can be converted to Ya connection. When the power bed is connected to Ya, the negative pump can be switched from single-phase

analysis

②Asymmetric 3-phase circuit.

in actual power system flow. The asymmetry of the power supply is less rough, mostly due to the load weighing from time to time.

When middle and posterior exist, Va=1i =1,203.

When the middle child does not exist. The voltage in this scripture (evn=

some+lux

When + Li Shi

: In the actual power grid, Zhongqiu ensures that the reverse load operation of each city is under the rated voltage.

② Three-phase circuit power

Ear phase active power, Lep A Coxp= Pe

Lp and 4 are reported voltage and phase current

Human time is connected in Y shape: L-Jiang, 4=2,

For the heart-square connection: Lp two ratio. 2=Take a test.

6Three-phase total power P=BU4CrP=BL42100z.

Reactive power Q=3U92cP=NBUZ12TP

Apparent power S 3L44- U i

No Uaw=NELpsrut, A=4 sktH), the three-phase instantaneous power rate is

Pa=LAnYA =NzUp stt.Nz4 stt-9)

=Up4plcorp-cesbwt-p)7

Be=Vew=Ups-(d-120)-A=204kt-4-120)

=Up4 fcor-Cordlzud-4-240)]

Pe =Uowic-Red Upsakrt +eo),.z4-(ct-4+120

icp2plcoup-Qnput-4+240))]

P=P+Pa*Pe=, 3U4A, Co2P. The two-motor shoe drive is stable.

Three, four, reduction

w~WitWit

No.

Date

three-phase three-card system

4A+is+B=O

Ihua = one item, one certificate

：P=Uwi+Lawlis+Uowte

= Wawa +Lanik + Uen (-th-te) = (hu-Lew)+lw-Ue)ts

：Wcta+Uscte

iW=P2UaMCol.+UeeLsCosp：.

One 5

No.

Datg

Basics of half-body devices.

-.Half-body diodes and bipolar transistors

1. Semiconductors: Si, Ge, Gaks..

The semi-symbol form of this certificate is s0 complete with pure gold, and the structure does not require the full addition of the semi-symbol form. The key is price-deprived.

OT-ok, no external shadow) If you click, the valence electron is in the key valence key

②When the temperature rises and the valence electrons are first illuminated, they are divided into free electrons

The number of vacancies in the high and low keys is stimulated by one card.

④

The constant struggle and replenishment of Zitian electrons makes Rongjiao appear to have formed a hole electron theory.

Make friends with e-Chengbian Direction:

na = household i (the electron concentration in this conductor is twice the density).

⑤ When the temperature increases, the intrinsic excitation increases, or the flow rate increases.

Increases with lightness. Once the acupuncture points are completed, they will reach a dynamic balance:

Ni=B=A. e dance

Impurity year conductor:

N type

P type

Squeeze in pentavalent elements

Incorporation of trivalent elements

P, As, Sb.

B.Al.In

When cooked under wet conditions, almost all impurities are ionized, and at room temperature almost all impurities are ionized.

Multiple electrons: free electrons

Many children: empty

Young Master: Rongxue

Shaozi: Same as electrons.

No-No+D.~Np

Po:NA+No&NA.

There is no free electron concentration. Hole concentration 8o.nopo two bits

Those with many children have poor sensibility, while Wen Yuan with few children has high sensibility. Less B at a certain temperature

Similar to Liao Hui and Duozi, the Hanxun body will not be able to operate normally.

24- Oxygen Ticketing Sports

Without the drift velocity of electrons, the drift velocity of holes is

Vp=AE: 1 acupoint over-migration rate

The concentration is low, the particle rate is positive, and the temperature is strong. Delivery rate V: JAn >/P.

1> 2n+4=95 (-nUhtpop)=95 (nuaE+PApE)

=9.5

(hun+PAp)

9=1-6~wc

9Cnyhtp/4).

1G=9（nytpAp）

For impurity semiconductors, the main safety of O is determined by the multi-subconcentration, so the temperature is not equal to the charge.

For semiconductors with this certificate, the temperature is high, the temperature drops sharply, and the temperature rises sharply, and the rate is low.

ADiffusion motion of current-carrying components.

The vegetable area inside the body of the half-horse will always be cut into pieces when exposed to light - the carrier concentration increases

The second generation reported that your product should be expanded.

Dance for a while and answer questions later

Lp three-9SD

3.APN method:

When Pactive S Negatice is in phase, P2 hole (33)》NE hole),

->The holes recombine when they reach NS; when the electrons pass from N to P, the holes will recombine and they will not meet each other.

P holes and 5N electrons disappear in pairs - P leaves a definite negative ion; N leaves a definite positive ion

There are areas on the west side of the boundary between Xingcheng and Rong. Zhengding is divided into two thousand lives by NTP.

An electric field was built to prevent Dai Liuzi from further expanding his education. Promote the supply of NE young children (actual times)! ,

No.

Dato

PE minority carrier (electricity) drifts to the inner pole of N - the movement caused by the difference in limit and

Domestic Jianfeng Yangnan production report's sense of education must reach a dynamic balance, and the space has been settled before it can be accommodated.

Inside is e thing E.

P area

low resistance area

①

⑧1④

④

Space charge region:

Gaoyang District

sitting area

barrier layer

exhausted,

Contact position difference:

Barrier area width:

There is a negative temperature coefficient in V

W=WatWe=Yes.

I have a temperature coefficient.

From the above fried method:

)

Q-=-QSWAMA

B+=：9S WAND=9SWpM

PNt estimate: WhsWp (Np》NA)

P heart estimate:

：Wn>we

(Np≤MA)

Temperature electrical equivalent 1=tube~26v ((i

AHr

negative temperature coefficient

No.

Date

PNyour volt-ampere characteristics:

① Positive couple: Porsitice then +, Magativ then one.

However, the resistance of the conductor in the neutral zone is very small, and almost all the external voltage is applied to it.

The space-time electricity has an area; in the opposite direction to the contact electricity, the positive difference of the area electricity decreases.

The combined electric field E of the built-in electric field and the external electric field decreases, and Win, WP, and Q all decrease.

The upward diffusion movement is strengthened, and the P acupuncture point expands to the NE and becomes a minor child. Let’s get back together with SN⋯

->Dynamic flat buns (expansion motion~drift motion)

The potential difference in the non-potential area is reduced from V to V, then

[BP before the space is good (a-Wp)MHWp) = npoeY

(On the N side of the space charge region (2 W): PaWn) = Pooe

And the distributions of Mp and Pa in the neutral zone are respectively:

{mpb）：Enpt Mp）-npad e*some +npo

people

nplt

npt

Pnt)

-paCe)=Lpo(Ma)-Pao e-* +po

-Pho

Mpo.

Among them, 2n and 4 are the average guard lengths of electrons and holes.

-Wp

Four reverse characteristics! Porsitice then +, Negatzoe then one.

…..The potential wall area increases from a small difference, and the electric field increases—Wh, MA, and Q all increase.

L advance: If you block the step, you must expand the enemy to meet the move, strengthen the drift movement, and the minority son (electron) in the P area will reach the NE.

The minority carrier (hole) in the N area drifts to the B area. Yeyuan and N areas replenish empty shells, and Xiangyang area replenishes electrons.

Two 2 forms a closed loop, causing a reverse current. The number of minority carriers is small, and the reverse current is small.

When the pressure is reversed, it is close to the cut-off

The temperature increases, the concentration increases, the reverse current increases, and the reverse saturation current increases.

2=2: ( ), J positive fat pressure: V》, 252.0*

Inverse four bias: M21, 12-4

This is used for forward current calibration

And when the feedback voltage is not large:

No.

Date

Temperature characteristics of A PN: (2= 2: (e-1)

)

V=kidney

The PN current of the heart remains unchanged. When the temperature is increased, the forward current increases, and Z-V is in the same generation.

2-V and move down the line (2|increase).

A Reverse breakdown characteristics of PN junction.

Reverse breakdown also presses Vee) is a limiting condition for PM to work in the reverse direction. When removing the breakdown pressure,

The reverse electric current j changes greatly and the voltage changes very little. This feature can be used to make a zener diode.

①. Zener breakdown (<6V) (high impurity concentration, limited space).

The reverse bias voltage is very large - 2 valence electrons are ionized, covalent bonds are destroyed -> space has been generated

A large number of electron-hole pairs - the reverse current increases sharply and causes field-induced breakdown.

No degree/two-price electricity whites are easier to break free from the common people Jianlai Chuan: Woy~wu’s crime case-

② Breakdown in the snow period (>6V) (the bridge impurity concentration is low and the space is wide).

The larger the reverse bias voltage, the kinetic energy of the small particle increases by one, and the frequency of close collision pushes the neutral atom.

A 7-price sub has been touched and a new generation has emerged.. Collision with e-commerce

Temperature force, one lattice thermal vibration plus a pair of Zai Zi Agu Sakuda enhancements

The above two subjects are now optional. Super breakdown will result in forging PN and cannot be sent.

The electric strip effect of A PA sulfur.

There is a good card in the middle time zone outside the Bisheng area to protect the balance.

No.

Datg

ot.1ttW42 1pa g

Capacitive effect of PN junction.

①. Potential barrier electric boundary.

Telegrapher: Shi Dai District is held by

Voltage: The potential barrier plus the voltage drop caused by the voltage field.

Reverse voltage - potential area and electric field E - WY = Q: discharge.

NaN,

Q=9SWpNa=9S WANo

,C=

Under small current, G=Gro

zs/W®

Mutant love: n~death

(-½)

Gradient: n~ words

It can be seen that C5V is turning back to OFF. This can be used to make a varactor transistor.

Packet diffusion capacitance.

"Shiyou: The balance of the neutrality on the rainy side of the whole district, Dai Luozi Qiulei

Voltage: applied voltage

When forward bias is applied, the diffusion movement increases (P holes-N: N electrons-P)

-The autumn storm in the impulse areas on both sides of the barrier B caused unbalanced flow.

Artificial S=(nl-hp)-npJeXsome + npo

•-The guest effect.

P.t)=［B.l）-paoeibi+Bo

Forward bias increases by A—>

N area SP area power increase AQp and AQn

(To) compete with the inner spirit bar field "forward voltage"

.AQp

Data

Co mainly depends on the forward current passing through the PN store, so the forward direction of G5 also shows a direct relationship.

When working in reverse, the Co name is ignored.

Generally Go>G, C5C is connected in parallel, and the heart PMB always tolerates Cy*Cr+Go.

{When the quality is fine, G>G:GXlo

When reverse biased, G-0, GZC.

4. Semiconductor diodes

PN evaluation + shell + electrode lead-semiconductor diode. (PB positive electrode: N area negative electrode).

Point-to-point engraving type: small live capacitance. The rated current and k-direction voltage are also small, the power frequency is high, and it is suitable for high-frequency data.

And then the two-out type: when the power is great, the gray will be greater, and the electric guest will be greater. The second frequency is low and used for rectification!

Silicon car surface:! Precisely the same as the current high-end pipes and circuits

Russian security characteristics: 1=210th -1)

When there are too many holes in the electric area, the recombination of holes in the potential barrier and the positive intrusion should be large.

Net area body resistance, leakage current...

m: emission coefficient E0.2)

A main safety parameter: Maximum forward average current (current flowing through the large wall): 45

Maximum working specific pressure: Ve

Return current before breakdown: ZR, the smaller it is, the better the unidirectionality is.

Maximum power frequency: f, junction capacitance exceeding f cannot be considered.

Static electric yang: Rp=

Dynamic electric sun: YA=

~near

2se⅛M

Zp&

26 (mV

2pQ(MA)

A very common type change

①. Strive to reduce the model

4/p.

20 (69

No.

Dato

④

Tuding

3)-Bird day starts from 2

More than 1 model per small.

+、

Semi-connected resistor, dynamic resistance

In the model, only application traffic and application search are small.

Among them, Fs.rad.9 is related to 5 DC operating points.

A Diode response circuit example

① Dengliu Road

◎ Tax pressure is also a problem.

Lam -lz<2zmos:Vo=V=：K=How many reverse attacks are there

③Fat limiting circuit:

DC analysis: Lpa.z-V4

+の

, Vha= Vitl.

Communication analysis: When there is no charge, the contribution of Jijian Dianke is not considered.

i-Rlst zone

1=(Bs+a)i

City three servers + discussion

④Liao Zamen Shiluo

ikB

A~P

-0.

YFA-13

. 「

Y-AB.

When the female ohm is used, the meat tank (the greater the measurement, the greater the inner limit), it is assumed that the power supply in the meter will not change.

Therefore, use the larger Tongcheng test. The resistance of the second board is over water

No.

5.Double Q-pole transistor.

Bipela Junetion Transistor

It is composed of two PN structures; both electrons and shells conduct electricity; it has a large network

0 The structure of the transistor

NPN type

collector.

Collector

14tJ.

base

Base

10 emitter

Emittor

emitter shop

PNP type.

Colectt

P HIN!lPtOCrilter

Base

T0E

②The working principle of product management (taking MPN as an example)

Base area sea. Doping concentration melon

The level of complexity is much higher than that of BB and CE.

Ewittoz

Colleclorn

VEB force emission for positive pressure isolation

1Jgo

Voe adds reverse bias to a certain circuit

261

Boe

IRe

WEE"-

PEo "Nso.Peo s Peo (Pso- NEo=ns)

1 The transmitter is forward biased, and the Fmitcon area is powered into the Baxse area to form JEn. Base area home hole entry

Emiter area, forming Lep, by Pao sNBo,Tto》Pco iJen 2kp.

1=Tant Zip.

2). Since the base guard is very low in Moye Bridge, his 8 (250) compounded with the hole during the expansion process.

The number is small, and most of them reach the boundary of the collector junction and are affected by the reverse electric field of the collector junction.

Pull towards Zhudian District.

Lb=lBptla

2Bp is the current formed by the electrons in the base area and this compound state)

No.

Date

3) Electronic service current 10x. Moreover, the few customers in Collectr owe less than those in the Base area.

Under the north electric field, it creeps toward the opponent area, forming a reverse deep-shaped current (reverse cell sum current)

ICBO:

2B= hBp t 1ep-20830

Zc=lontleso

=20+78

③Transistor switching order matching relationship

P "The transmission process of the seed flow in this tube and the flow of the pole are determined by the emission node and the frame node.

The applied bias voltage does not depend on the connection resistance state of the transistor (common base CB, common emitter CE, and buydoba pole C)

And change.

1) CB.

2CE

3cc

oeS

Vea

Wic

Vos

125

Vec

2e-180

Le-

- 2: 2030

125~20p-45p

Zsp "Jea Hehui Japanese Style System"

High return B

ZBp<7Oh-Tai Ve is as small as possible.

lo- l +1080

If you are 2080, then 2=81.

He= 81(le+4)+L8o

LE=(BHI248+(3+0Lc8o

It can be seen that the body tube is enlarged

Be on guard

When it looks like a dragon. It bowls the input current

iZe=B4++0lco=B4tkso

Both output and stream have

Positive control effect.

Jeo: 7820 (base open circuit)

Electricity flows through the collector and the electrode.

Date

Four working modes of Tian transistor

》Amplification working status: transmitting and estimating the bias voltage. No. 1 phone reverse network bias. This is for the controller

Ji Lai Ye Ji current and hair Fu Ji it said Wu'an love launch letter store voltage

control. It has almost nothing to do with the Huadian junction J voltage.

2) Saturated working state: The transmitter and fruit telecommunication questions are added to the forward full voltage, and the body tube electrode

The voltage drop between the emitter and the emitter is very small, so the switch is closed.

3) Cut-off working state: both the emitter junction and the dome resistor are reverse biased. There are two poles again

A very small leak also flows through it, which is an open switch.

4) Reverse working state: launch and reverse pressure. The current collector adds a directional bias voltage. Many phases

Hair style and dyeing style are interchangeable. Because the two have different levels of clutter,

The results can vary.

Ebers-Melk's criminal analysis.

》Ignore the physical resistance of Pinti Academic Affairs District and the Russian address, and think that the internal and rear faction b

Respectively, the emission is low and a certain electric energy is added:

2) Small electron sparse injection, without considering the recombination of carriers in the entire potential area.

3). Regardless of the base window modulation soft response, it is considered that the effective width of the base area does not change with the pressure.

4) Reverse breakdown is not considered.

In the Gmittr and Celcckim districts, the distribution of minority residents and residents is as follows:

Pec-Peo=［RC-Wa）-Peod.e

Pe80-Poo=LPoluk)-P1.et

The distribution of Ysc in BesZ can be determined by the solution and edge.

Lac)-Mo= -

No.

Date

16-ken+kEp

LEn=gpasca

X=0

ikB

Ic^-la-kep

Lep=9hs“G

Solve LE-l6: (e粤_)-oks(eanswer-1

-W0

Oh!

W W..

less

①

Among them: 28s is the reverse saturation current of the system when the set point is short (16=0)

Lo: It is the reverse saturation flow of the collector when the legal path (20) is issued,

8F: Long bacio is a forward short circuit and also flows a large addendum.

de=yue lr=o is the amplification coefficient of short-circuit current only.

When solving 0Q, it can be found that ofles=oxdes =7s is the saturated electrolyte of the transistor!

The influence of 2 winter wei on 2, 20, and ard only depends on the texture of the tube.

1) Current is injected into an open isoelectric circuit.

Contains 4=4e: (e currency-1)

Die a les (e a 1)

26=2：-0RLR

20=04-2.

Xisi streaming transmission equivalent circuit.

That is, 2=0R.2+(-00p228:(e乐-1).

Call 250=(- dede) 25s the reverse of the emission method when Jibaji is open (20=0)!

④×の得.

We call -20-(-akQp)2s the reverse saturation current of the dye electrode when the emitter is open circuit (Z=0).

0F4s

on. c

Lde -) faLade -)

3) The Heyuanxing conduction circuit.

Le= 02es (eRequired-)-Lea eLeave 1)=251e4 1)-20g1e currency-).

Let 1∞=2s lele-1).2ee 2s (ew-1)

207=Icc-ZEE

Positive=Taiwan 1 every 1-2 he e first) Er発-20E.-Sign-20e+20-28•発2.

2: 2 (e every) one and a few (e every 1) = 20-likes: 20-200+ 20s-a few two-a few ye

The primary school students include three Class 6 students and three Qiaoshu 2 and B:Pe students. It is the most common kernel type.

ayls

This is based on the Ebers-Matl model, which analyzes the four operating modes of the body.

1 Amplified state (JE fifth edition: V6E20; J reverse edition: Vc<0).

:1V6ol》1

(20s20, e-coin-1 less-1)

Lc2

OFLE+-deap) Les Fe.

20-28-2e ~ (-0p) 200 (e 1st)

Date

Compare le-alt2080

(- de oe) Los = 1c8o

See you. 26, 20, and 2 increase as Vos increases. When the control increases to a certain value,

25. 2002B changes with the regularity of VGs connection index.

2 cut-off state (Je reverse Jindi: Ve

::lVscl2W，1Vael>W

JE2-lestaeles

Ic Les + lcs

It can be seen that the current in each pole is very small, and the transistor has high resistance characteristics.

3) The winning state: (Je positive: cVs620 J positive: Vazo)

From 0, we know: 1 makes 2.20f smaller, and 1 makes 28 and 20 larger.

At the same V, the incoming electrode is also said to be saturated. The flow rate is smaller than when amplified.

Since both JJ and JJ are positive and flat, they are in a low resistance state. CE is close to a short circuit.

4) Direction-only state (J anti-lun: 16th c0); JC stop: Vee2o).

Ia 2 Op L- (- dMP LEs = d 2e-150

Due to the small size, ZC's ability to control the work is weak.

8 body tube Japanese Yi Jie model

B2 bird!

iet/fe

Applied to large signal work shift status,

It is a nonlinear model.

::lVscl2W，1Vael>W

JE2-lestaeles

Ic Les + lcs

It can be seen that the current in each pole is very small, and the transistor has high resistance characteristics.

3) The winning state: (Je positive: cVs620 J positive: Vazo)

From 0, we know: 1 makes 2.20f smaller, and 1 makes 28 and 20 larger.

At the same V, the incoming electrode is also said to be saturated. The flow rate is smaller than when amplified.

Since both JJ and JJ are positive and flat, they are in a low resistance state. CE is close to a short circuit.

4) Direction-only state (J anti-lun: 16th c0); JC stop: Vee2o).

Ia 2 Op L- (- dMP LEs = d 2e-150

Due to the small size, ZC's ability to control the work is weak.

8 body tube Japanese Yi Jie model

B2 bird!

iet/fe

Applied to large signal work shift status,

It is a nonlinear model.

No.

Date

② Follow the characteristic curve of the body tube.

eg·Ck：

ike

lie Ue

1) Enter the characteristic qurong, certificate = D (2G) wescont

Wasl

wxya

Out of festival

201

::28= Lp+ Lip-2080

When is certain, ls increases: Zep decreases (electron-treasure hole composite decreases)

Decrease on •

The corresponding position of i-VoE=0 is the far left,

When La>1V, the clothes will decrease with the increase of flying E, and the characteristics will become anisotropic in seconds.

Due to scanning Ve1, WBN:.

(Mai Rong of the base area. Unbalanced B-type decline, compound peace meeting)

This is the block width modulation effect.

When UeE<0, the base reverse cell sum current is very small. WVndl you will arrive at any time, four

The emission concentration is very high. Wear it with your hair straight

* 21 Output characteristic curve 10 = f (hE) loss: cmy

full

168=0

and

ikB

No.

Date

: Chem = LEn-Zep +2080

Va The collector junction space has been widened by the charge. WB

JEp

Kejiang, extend each output characteristic of the amplification area from the left side of the line to the 1 axis and intersect it with the same number (parts)

This voltage is labeled Eanly voltage.

: The smaller WB is, the farther the shadow of W is toward the sky.

Under the same VhE, the te-Ve is found to be larger in the changing area.

The smaller i.V.

: Transistor output resistance in amplification area

Fce=

ikB

Within the cutoff reason. When V's 6=0, Lc=Les~0: (set the reverse saturated flow of telecommunications).

Saturation reduces meat, V is very small, W is very wide, Collecian ability to collect vegetables,:

: The number of clothes increased dramatically with the Vcs manuscript workshop.

Breakdown returns to the inside, you: when it increases to a certain degree of dryness. On the contrary, it breaks down. Let it increase rapidly.

The life concentration of the 2-base bead electrolyte area was low.

….Snow shrinkage breakdown occurs, and the breakdown decreases as the pressure increases with V:

(Because LGe. clothes, carriers passing Je. will be less,

It will also reduce the heart after the empty collapse breaks through the cup."

: 1Be=0 Attached: Maximum breakdown voltage, VBRXES>

When J is short-circuited

The breakdown voltage between the electrode and the emitter

No.

3) Output characteristics field search

A takes VhE as the parameter and the output resistance is less than VhE as the output voltage.

Output resistance Foels=cons.

But(ftl)LcBo.

A certificate 20 hours, record 250 three-i This is strictly restricted area, engineering. Recent evidence: 0

The area under Work 2 is the upper area. At this time, Lcso (HB) = 10 (penetration current):

In the A saturated zone, let the direction remain unchanged. It will decrease rapidly with the decrease. This is a complete proof.

Proof = The breakdown voltage corresponding to the port is represented by Veerso. When the base is open circuit, the bead is also connected to the

Breakdown voltage between transmitters.

(⑥The influence of temperature on the characteristics of the product itself.

For PN1. It already has 2=2.0*-1, which increases with the temperature. Xin Zengfu (M=

Traditional

And the upper part also increases, Is ~20.2 points. It can be seen that work increases as "increases,

That is, the regular input characteristic field line of the product body moves to the left.

Experiments show that if the flying speed remains unchanged, "for every 1C opening, the VeL decreases by 2~2.5mV."

That is

AHr

20-2066 -12~25)mV.

When Tian Yu》Ding Kai is high, the thermodynamic reverse current rises 2080

When 2D reaches a high level, the flow is expanded to a coefficient P. Add 0 to increase;

The Xiahehe of the transplanted children in the base area decreases: again=0:4

In engineering, words and music = (05%-1/2)/c

You go up, "When rising, Lcto and B increase, and the July 1 card is entered.

When the characteristic curve is shifted to the left by 3.10 for the Joe variable, it is m

Both increase the collector current:

l0=146+（l+1）2080

2BIs+leo

LB=Lup + 20p-Zceo

No.

Date

② Main parameters of spacer tube

•

1DC coefficient.

-Under the common emitter DC current amplification factor:

oeLh

VIE

4The common base DC amplification coefficient is:

VEs

Wos

At a certain time, B=some

The reverse sum current of the collector when the A emitter is open circuit, Lepo

test circuit

Vee

The reverse theory and current LEB0 generated when the collector is open-circuited

Test circuit.

Rs.

VEE

When the infrastructure is opened, the penetration and outflow between Liantaji and Facuntou is 1060.

test circuit

htK

Tho

1cco=1F+1) 2ceas has an amplifying effect when it comes to punishment. Much larger than 2000:25B0.

No.

Date

2. Communicate and cultivate numbers

A emitter AC current amplification factor 0 = AD

Vest

A common base good current also flows through the amplification factor d = combiner! Ws-cnnt

A will prove that the frequency is N, and due to the existence of junction capacitance, the frequency of the work is larger than enough.

205 26 asked if there are similar people, one year old, when 1 drops to 1, my year is the special frequency f,

3) Limit parameters

A maximum allowable collector current Jeu.

When the proof is too small, the recombination of carriers in the emission space causes the

The base current increases and thus decreases;

When is too large, the emission area enters the base area (8): the population is too large. And base and (hole)

Concentration compared to batch. In order to keep the base positive, it is busy. The external circuit must be connected to the base

Filling up a large number of holes, its male direction expands positively, causing the area to drop,

V/E

When the master drops to a high embedded value, the corresponding collector current is Lam.

^The inverse breakdown voltage of the electric junction when the emitter is open: VR) e80

The reverse breakdown voltage of the emitter junction when A is open circuit YeesBBo.

VEE

No.

Dato

The reverse breakdown voltage between the collector and the generator when the base is open circuit: Vesp)cto

Vee

VGP) cBo > Vee Cro ~ Vise) Bo.

Set A also has the maximum allowable dissipation rate Pem..

Pe xlae io, under magnification. Voe time is mostly accounted for by incoming calls.

PC Li'an consumption is provided in Jiba.

1. For CE network, it is necessary to ensure that Le< Lcm, Ve< Veectso Pe

Ion

R=Usic

UB 0•

lgo

Safe work area, Vrcso

Vee

②Application of product management.

When working in the amplification area, it has a delayed and controlled effect. is placed in a controlled current source.

The work saturable zone and my upper zone have switches that are extremely busy. Wait for the change to be controlled and open Wu

1) Tripod body tube efficiency large circuit.

-Wc

Vss

First of all, if there is a big enough up, then 160+ is better than 21/low,

1At the same time, Vo=Vee Lee:Reie VE, so

The quality control works in the amplification area.

Among them B:Vn sct, binaVeB.

Ion

R=Usic

UB 0•

lgo

Safe work area, Vrcso

Vee

②Application of product management.

When working in the amplification area, it has a delayed and controlled effect. is placed in a controlled current source.

The work saturable zone and my upper zone have switches that are extremely busy. Wait for the change to be controlled and open Wu

1) Tripod body tube efficiency large circuit.

-Wc

Vss

First of all, if there is a big enough up, then 160+ is better than 21/low,

1At the same time, Vo=Vee Lee:Reie VE, so

The quality control works in the amplification area.

Among them B:Vn sct, binaVeB.

No.

Date

2 It is customary to use 288.2, Y3lea tripod tube to maintain the current and voltage at 2 for 7

Total input voltage U.=VBe+U.

The emitter junction voltage is E=VEQtVbe.

The Ninja body science launch estimate is equal to a child's physical resistance Yise, which is connected in series with Rs.

Vbe

i.VE= VEQ +Uhe= VBEQ+ Wem Sincst.

China electrode current i=latic =Zot Jom ccf.

i 1.= Voe-Reic= Voe-Ro lea- Rolem Lot

= VcEQ + Vom sifwt +/86)

Mozhong Vor&=Voc-Ro lea

Vom=Re:Lem-

5 As long as n e is large enough, the output bit amplitude Vom can be 16 larger than the input signal amplitude

2. Mixer tube switch electric spot.

Both sides are heading in the wrong direction.

1. ~lo. (added to set)

U.＞Use time, make peace, stand and remember enough chickens (record dialogue)

U. Uot=1ecsed)

Saturation voltage drop Vceuss).U. ~o.

General Logistics Department - A new method for judging the work status of Yuyu Sports Appreciation:

Deadline: UsVo

Saturation/amplification: when the crystal has critical gyrosum VeB =O. Ve=VaE

1.le= les=（Ve-Ve）/Rc.

When the 16 realms are saturated, there are still two certificates. Assume that 28=28s at this time.

Lns 2

Vee-Ve

PRa

, and proof 2

U-VBE

No.

Date

When i2 48s, the second operation is in the saturation zone (such as one).ie-La-ais

When Ocirs L8 is used, the working magnification area (such as country) is recorded as = Pis.

IVeg=0

Two big ones

—1 small

Bipoder JunetirnTranislion Quentrbotive Soluzion

Eimiter

Base

Colerator

TDorinitins.

NE=NAE,Ne: Mne,No= Mpe

De- Dp：：.Ps=DN,De=lp

LE?LP.：LB=LN:Le: Lp.，L=L,U-Tn,to=T

Po=phoNi/NE,MB= Mpo=.M/N,Pe"pn=ne/Ne

Ehtter Kegian!

CA/E

Base Region

0=PB

Clleetr Regio:

0rDediAPe

AHr

AMg(o)=Mso(e-1),AMeW)=neoleW-1)).

No.

Data

Thi problem slution in ti enitter and calloetir quesi-neutial rayi

APo0)=Pole goods-1)e-bi

BoleW-l)

dAle

ilg=93De

2g=0

The prooren solution in th base guas-nectrad regien.

AMeBO=Ale bag+Aze container

A1p(o)=noo(e 1)=A.+A

And Ane (M=nade I)=Are device A.e

shiry4g)

:LE>-gsD

La--gSle

sA（w/Le）

Sh（W/L

(e-1)-

•.Ode=

chl/L)+

4%) 8 (w/.)

Wen the bnse witeh is much lees Man the minanity Canrier difiusian length:

No.

Date

AMBt) ~Analo) + [An. (w-Anale) got the job..

I+

DE WN

DBLE Ns

(:>w)

fle 2

Instrument light

DB)z:ME

DE WNs

matst oy TA minanity Canrters

malee it acrts the base.

Mede Eoither Boss Collector- Boae

VBE.

Actile

Saburatol

Cateff

LMver-ted

Forwond

Reverse

~More than 0

Forward

Forwarl

Reverse

Roverse

Reverse

Forward

<〇

Ved=Vo:+h)

=2:8

=le/d

Controllel Coitrowlad

by cireait

Cut Le/o)

Contreled by cicud

Not Normally

Used,

A Clamp emitter input characteristics: (VG=corut)

1as 1-1 = gs 4Peooth -1) +.95 old Ble every -1)

Ls= 1a- la =M

1 Common emitter output characteristics: (Uhs=Cnut)

Common emitter output characteristics: Lis=cont)

Estimate the combination of the above two equations (go to )

e Jiang = L9s No. Po + 9sZR/eW (28 + No. 95 Peot 9s Wu Ji)

1e-951210m 5A0N/) (2195 bags P.t95 old l

.-1)

9s piece Be+9s number P/e special

-9s (Pawn Bo+ 4 Npoth (w/Le)) (4195 Sauce B.+954Bee-1)

9S first Po.e quality + 9S points Pa

An Bo + is pole to stay

by cireait

Cut Le/o)

Contreled by cicud

Not Normally

Used,

A Clamp emitter input characteristics: (VG=corut)

1as 1-1 = gs 4Peooth -1) +.95 old Ble every -1)

Ls= 1a- la =M

1 Common emitter output characteristics: (Uhs=Cnut)

Common emitter output characteristics: Lis=cont)

Estimate the combination of the above two equations (go to )

e Jiang = L9s No. Po + 9sZR/eW (28 + No. 95 Peot 9s Wu Ji)

1e-951210m 5A0N/) (2195 bags P.t95 old l

.-1)

9s piece Be+9s number P/e special

-9s (Pawn Bo+ 4 Npoth (w/Le)) (4195 Sauce B.+954Bee-1)

9S first Po.e quality + 9S points Pa

An Bo + is pole to stay

No.

Date

6. Field Effect Transistor.

Juexiangshang field effect tube

Heart N Rou Tong Enhanced Type

(IGFET)

Nig channel depletion type

P-channel enhanced type

P-pass depletion mode.

Junction field effect tube

N channel

(JFET).

P channel

MOSFET (Netl Cade Sentcondudor Field Reflect Trasistor) GIGFET.

(1originally AAL)

electronic power

When Vos=0, D and SB are surrounded by their respective depletion layers (space electrons).

polysilicon

Jiadanji S:0_

KB substrate

S source

There are no conductive meat ducts.

Vos:

At 16s20, a polarity from G to B is generated in the S:Oz imaging layer.

L6s

Unidirectional electric field attracts electrons in the P-type substrate

N flash enhanced MOS

(Minor son) moves towards the surface of the substrate and is estimated to coincide with the hole,

The punishment becomes a very frictional depletion layer.

Vos2V6s1D, the electronic control of the expensive surface layer has been corrected

The concentration of holes. On the outside and fourth? The shape changes to N shape and becomes an inverse shape, connecting the two N'E's of P and S.

At this time, if V is x20 (forward voltage), the drain current from D to D is generated, and the sink is turned on.

When 1:>VGs), I also flashes, which means V=O (VS=VGP).

S;Qa Insulate the electric field habit among children, conductive flashing is a short-term punishment

When V0s20, the polar region current 2 will be generated, and a transverse electric field from mouth to s will be generated.

The potential gradually increases from S to 》. At this time, the sentence seems to be no longer uniform,

The thickness of the channel is from thick to thin from S to D.

No.

Dato

When Vos=VGs-Visex), that is, when VaD=Vosca), the extreme communication of D just disappears.

Punishment becomes frequent and the punishment is severe.

When Vhos>Vas- Listar), that is, when VaD< Vastay, the buyout point extends in the direction of 5, forming

A piece of breakpoint area is the depletion layer), and the voltage level at the 65mm breakpoint is 16t),

Vps-(Vas-Vsa)) The gold falls on the broken area, and the punishment becomes the killing field,

The size of Ji Zhu Gong has almost remained unchanged since the formation of Tian Duan Yun. At the same time, although

The breaking point continues to move to the left as V increases, because the pressure between it and S

Vs-VsD remains unchanged, the length of the ig channel from it to S changes very little, and it is blocked even if it is not connected.

Very little acceptance.

That is to say, after Vos>Vas-16sm, Vs remains unchanged, and 20 does not increase much with the increase of s of v.

Near ground, 2 is related to Vos. The larger 1s is, the thicker the inversion layer is and the smaller the channel voltage is. 20 Yuechengda

KeVs-Wti

T7.

V0s-yas-tosts)

①The output characteristics are determined by Russian

Variable power area

full

25/

VossVos-Vsdt),

unbroken).

"Cut on Z (Vas -Vate)

Two in the variable limit area, (vhas-Varts)) with h-V].kp=from Cox

From the question about the through-form rate, Cox is the electric charge per unit area of the oxide layer.

Wt is the channel width, and L is the channel length.

Near the original five. of 2 kpHCLas-Vaso) hs.

~Zhu Xing•2 (½s-V6st)

(Pre-clamp breakpoint)

To improve accuracy. Consider the channel length modulation effect: 16s, pinch off positive-S, L, the groove is suitable for electricity,

The relationship between the turn-off point and the source area is also maintained at Vs-Vasth). Like a Western Front in a saturated zone

The inclination is present. The inclination corresponding to each parent corresponding to the appropriate length of 1 s is low, and it is delivered to (30~50v) Early electric area

The shorter the L. The smaller it is.

DPU: V+ VDS

108

A breakdown zone. When Vos reaches a certain value, wear it. .To wear also increases with the increase. Zhou Wei

Vast overtime, the same Ux head-cutting effect is reduced by the field strength.

In addition, Hainan has discussed what will happen in the WPN supply chain, and DSS asked the public

Penetration breakdown, GSS asked Vas Football Association Gao Shigong occurred Sic he language will breakdown.

②Excellent pole-turning characteristics.

⑦

Vasca).

~Vs

This is the result of channel length modulation response.

~2Kp (the length of the tunnel should be adjusted according to the length of the hole).

No.

Date

③ Substrate modulation effect.

To ensure that the S and DSB of MMOS_ are in the cut-off state and BCPE after the same PN)

It must be connected to the lowest potential of the circuit, and the substrate and source hole have a page voltage V.

68B is equivalent to a capacitor. When 1s is constant, the larger VsB is, the thicker the capacitor in B is.

The number of ions in the space also increases, thereby reducing the number of holes in communication (neutralizing the holes)

The space is also in the front area), the channel resistance increases and the life decreases.

Therefore, when the bottom of the page is pressed, Vasex) > L6st) o.

Ves=g

16s=3V

2.5

Vt).

Vas.

2 seconds

Jip

Wos

1B is the most accurate!

Vas

N flash channel depletion type/OS.

In advance, before the positive electricity enters the Si0 layer, the bottom surface begins to grow.

N-type channel has been attracted:

1) Cutoff area: Ls

Vos-sV

3) Saturation zone: L’s s>Lhs e), V/S ≥ Vas-Vset).

Let ~ be interested in "Vas-L's se)" (Hulha Wen Tongchang modulation)

Us=/V

Wskfe.

Regardless of the length of the lake to control the air, 40s-Zixing I0-Vbiscetty for a while some Vi) (when V6s=0)

Vos-sV

3) Saturation zone: L’s s>Lhs e), V/S ≥ Vas-Vset).

Let ~ be interested in "Vas-L's se)" (Hulha Wen Tongchang modulation)

Us=/V

Wskfe.

Regardless of the length of the lake to control the air, 40s-Zixing I0-Vbiscetty for a while some Vi) (when V6s=0)

No.

Data

Explain the state model of OMOSFET.

is'

S.?

mouth

Line post capacitor (plate capacitor):

Can, Cas, Caf (C: Channel)

Non-donor capacitor (influenced by ethical pressure):

Ces-CBD, Csc (PN power supply capacitor)

Among them CetCoe-Cag

② Source (S) drain LD) can be used interchangeably:

B MMOSHkp=JhnCox 2 4/4 Cor =PMos' akp.

④Because there are many conductors in MOSFET. Temperature has little effect on it, so

MOSFET has good temperature stability. Temperature affects two aspects: T, W (exhaustion width),

A JFET.

GP->

N-channel suitable for JFET.

transfer characteristics

Output characteristics

Ves=ouy

Vos=5V

Vs=-Vbriet)

Vaslef).

Ths.

C) Cutoff area: V6s < V6s out)

2) Variable resistance area: 0>ratios>Vistcdf), OL Uas

(Head area: 0>Vs>usetb, Vhsz Uis-Vsset.

No.

Dato

When Vs=0, the conductive meat channel between 5 and D is the widest, and the inner channel of GS is the same as the PM supply space in the front area.

For the most solid curtain, add 16 at this time to turn it on.

During Vasso, the space between the two pikes has been widened from the front (allowing them to open towards WE). Meat Road Zumi Meal

The channel resistance becomes swallowed, and when M increases to M6: t), it pinches off and passes through the resistance.

I will apply for college, and V6S will be added at this time, 2020.

When Vas< Vist, pinch off.

34=0 when Vos=0 (Ussttl)< Uis<0).

When the drain current i is generated, it flows from the drain to the source. The current increases from the source to the drain.

Therefore, the electric area in the space near the drain becomes wider, and the communication force becomes wedge-shaped, and the communication force becomes wedge-shaped.

Electricity rent slightly increased!

Vos≥l6s-Vsetf), from pre-pinching to pinching, the break point drives the source

The voltage on the break zone Ve= Vos- (V6s-V6sett).

The voltage from source to pinch-off (Vos =.Vas-.bse) remains unchanged.

The communication length modulation should be: s increases after I, and 1 remains unchanged. The channel length is slightly reduced

When the power is turned on, it will drop slightly, and after 20 hours, it will rise.

JFET model:

Cab

tng

G one

Qlp.

Cap, Cos1 Tian Gang V junction is reverse biased, mainly due to barrier capacity

Fiph: mud resistance

Fss': source area bulk resistance.

Neighbor: That research is digging the current source.

No.

Date.

The application principle of FET2.

Saturated: Smooth by pressure

Variable resistance area. Cut-off area: Awareness control electronic switch

①FET maximum circuit.

V6S=1G

†

No. 1 V (

One of the original

bias voltage

Vs=Mo-RoLp

Find DC 2 to (Zno, Vos&).

On the turn of Mu Qu'er (ib-Vas), on the Cheng number U=Vsmsit

Within the range, the field effect transistor can be regarded as a experimental component, and its working margin is the transconductance of 9m:

Drain signal current i=gmti=9m Um Sut

total drain current

in= 1pa+gm Usn sat-

Vo= Voo-Roi= (plus-RP2pa)-gMRp V/smsiut.= Vesa+Vo

To output plus signal also press

U. =-9mRekn sat.

He pressure amplified the number of letters Ao=capital=-9MR》

Package field effect transistor switching circuit

If the input signal is a large amplitude pulse signal, low level (VL

If the height is large enough, the /YS management will work in the end and variable management area.

Date

Electronic circuit experiments.

Basics of half-body devices. General pseudo.

1. Half-body bipolar organ

1. Intrinsic excitation (positively related to temperature).-Intrinsic semiconductor (Ni=P.), two carriers

This note has hit Ao ~3.84x10% (cn2.k*), this note has sold Ae~1:26 x/01/Emi k*)

Ego-T = ok (we also use M as the small energy of free electrons to maintain the brittle intermediary bond force)

Silicon music=1.21eb, wrong 5=0n8sel.

The intrinsic semi-defensive body conductivity also has low ability.

2. Visiting the class without Suyi, we will leave you with good intentions in terms of quality and price.

Exploration and Price Fang Record 1> Impurity cavities lead to the formation of gold

One impurity and half brother Hugh

(Plus, I want to have acupuncture points.)

Hole, "a bar boy"

Under the hot car scale, there is no free weight, and the guest hole limit is poor. 1o.po=n&.

In the N-type half body, No=No+. 2

In the P-type half body, Po=Nat /0oXMA=

The quality of the fruit is half bovine and the body is also maintained.

① The concentration of phytoxin in the substance is more, less B degree; less T. If there is more stone, the degree should be smaller, and if it is less, the grade will be 1

And the maximum operating temperature is 200C, and the decorative device is below 100°0.

②First, set up the impurities of M, and then kill the impurities of N. In addition, NA>Ne>

Then from N to P, the impurity limit NA-N, the ratio is the principle of impurity supply.

3. Drift motion: You move from electron to = one to three, air cut =/up.

No.

Date

Je3mk, less than 12c, 421=0t0YGortB) top five super breasts

Mysterious Yal=1800, this l=1800.

Seeing a son is a greater bliss than wandering into the sky.

2=Znt lp=95 FnUn+plp)

= 9s lryE+PAE)

= 9SE (N+pAp)

:=9/tpMp).

Hand quality

N type: 0 ~9Mlh (n>p)

P type: O%SMMVP

(p»n)

:-P type.

4. Scatter exercise.

Expand the enemy by 2n=9SD《3）

•The teaching coefficient of Pa electricity, less T, Pn!

T=300k, and B1=34, pseudo=97.

The acupuncture points are expanded, so 2p=-95D Ha, Dp official training coefficient, T number, less Pe

T=300K, and 1Dpl=13. Storage 12:1:47.

: Ge is larger than ts: f, and the number of electron specific volume expansion is larger.

Device=neighbor.

5•PN estimate.

If you have many children, you will get back together with the other party. Bai Ji has left an immovable ion in his domain.

The space electric line "blocks and reaches, comes to the end of the layer, and the potential sitting area" one! The built-in also became very fashionable overnight.

One Piaolazhan Dajiao dynamic year balances one and two spaces from the front to the high-resistance area (eight, PP said);

No.

Data

N zone. P zone: low bile zone (Fu balance, bubble neutral).

The difference between moving and touching is also that Vp 2 learns to use public number, 1 answer~26MCT3300k).

Row-T0)-12~2-5m) V)

T330ok, only net ~05~07, wrong/~0.2~03

Potential totality and width W.=Wh+WP=answer “I1, 1N, wal

NE is an example of Q+=95W.Np

The PB- side barrier area also has Q-=-9SWpNA

three cages

Can be solved to get Wh=NJ)

That is, the Qiaosha Tandu Office is located in the Bilan District on the side of the district.

•MA Np (MA +N,

N Shao, Wy

^ND,W

PN evaluation characteristics: The direction of the applied voltage and the potential difference are mutually exclusive. 1, Q2, W.Wg.

As the diffusion movement strengthens, the barrier has been reduced to the west and the push has increased (a few children).

paMh.)=Pooe,pnco-lP)-Pale one+po!

When you let go, it will flow > when you drift, it will flow, and the carriers will continue to be charged.

One forms a closed loop.

Plus there is less positive, V is on the 1, which brings luck, and there is also less flow in the positive direction.

Pl custom reverse characteristics: "The direction of the difference between the applied voltage and the potential is soft, 1 less, less, W.MI:

Piaowu Li is strengthened. And the few sons (how to move and fall into disgrace) are rarely born

1:9

dye divination

ConcentrationX

14o

-p

P'N is commonly used to add positive barrel pressure.

The current is society: 1=2(e*-1),

--P~o.

One-Pwo

nptM?

Patwa)

D*N low plus anti-Holon pressure.

Court V:0.b~07V three pins: 02~0-3V

Constant characteristics: forward bias, T, , scattered motion force, forward current (mentioned above)

Or T. You, worker, forward current.

(T-T.>.(2~2:5mV)=-(V-V>.

"*10g will.

Anti-interference breakdown characteristics: The breakdown of Qi, the space electric front field is strong, and the cost-effectiveness of the space is also good.

A level breakdown

Snow street breakdown. The space also carries a strong field, and the space charge has a floating speed of

-5 Neutral is weak and does not control the force of the electron-hole confrontation.

The crowding limit has been reached, and empty questions are uglier than actions WI.Vee (rElectronic District 26

Gong Shao, AA Mountain, drifting speed: Vot

(w~)

No.

Date

Bajong Station should be: full electric potential, low return voltage, and positive space (W), less QQ. = charging...

"Why is it caused by pressure", Baowen has already released WV.Q.Q4 yesterday

ESW6

55 is proportional to sWo reverse lt

(One constant)

C-5G is connected in parallel, PM knows the total electrical inspection G =CrtCb, the real special Pt is the parallel connection of Wenxiang P method

6.Special body diode

Therefore, compared with knocking on a regular basis, it is better to

Vis Viegpe

And the country is a small manganese camp. Why don’t you let Gabby go without telling you?

-266

Wtcra Vus:)

Jinglong is also blocked: IRp=

Vea

Ipa

Dynamic resistance: T- device 2 under e clarification ~

Lpa

26(mV2, (T=300k)

Lpa(mA)

Analysis method: Diagram (find the intersection of the characteristic oil line and the working land square column), equal to the circuit (

Use dynamic cells and remove the DC power supply).

Application: adjustment (Shan Boshou Tong Xing), voltage stabilization (Yue Di rebuked V = Society eight almost unchanged., Tsu

No.

Dato

2: Bipolar separator tube.

1. Use NPN management to defeat. The emitter is already NB, the search level is high, and the base is already pE.

When the collector mentions the N area, the wave width is very low; the width of baseB is very small.

(The system limit is high, the potential of this example is small, and the hot hand scale is small and the risk is low)

Assume that B and E are applied with forward bias and CB is applied with reverse bias:

Lcn

Pe.-

Tgo

Lcgo

NEO

J is you. V$ is son, WV: positive and negative, V is less, W is less.

(Po is extremely small)

iNe》Pe.iLa》kp i:h/very small::10n~20》2000 (black business t)

i1Bp -ZEn-2cw is very small (the combined current of Tianzi and Rongxue in the base area is small) (V platform mud is small, Luxiao is small)

Le= lent lcgo = Len't 2ep

LE=LEntLep

28= Lep + lEp-Lc80 = Z8p t Zip- 1ep

i.Le= 1e+ 18.

Definition: common base direct current amplification coefficient, typical value: 0.85~0.995.

Meaning B=

: Common emitter DC amplification factor. Typical value is several tens to the heart.

Le hundred e+（g+1lcc0= B4a+2080 2 F28.

When sharing electrodes, 1e-68+1248 + lcto=（B+1 Xlet Leeo）

2. Find the transistor characteristics. Take the common emitter grid method as:

oeLh

No.

Date

-V

Vee=comt.

Iyoy

We-0

When Vc increases, (Vss does not support) 448/

：Je's Space Electric Front EWI.W/&

0200608

This is the basis width modulation effect.

Nearly recognized UeE V post-process input characteristics electrical combination

When Ves increases, (e of V remains unchanged》Ve/

Ue-VeE,lkezVt

: J’s space electricity has BW factory, WBA

Uee> leece.

182, L2. (Basic width hole system should be placed)

Meel/a

VA (Eardy voltage) represents base five richness modulation

wxya

The degree of influence: W followed by D·UN. The effect is small

Magnification area: V6E less, 2E less, 20 less

L+ Vsp

Tce=

output resistance)

Duzhi area: When V area=0, e Las!

Saturation zone: UE UB, less V6e. Je collects a certain ability less, 22/%, Les ~ Lassnt)

Breakdown zone: Laf (Ve is not), Ve/BSCE has a low consumption point, is very potty, and can be penetrated by avalanches.

The characteristics of the front exit of the vehicle are recorded as (Vc〉 sconst

oeLh

Vg=0

-i2leso

-VE

Meycso

If it is too small, there will be fewer compound causes. Let the young people work.

When ie is too large, there will be fewer holes to fill up the base. OK

Losing gold with certificate as parameter Kcelbi-amc

(It can be seen from the input holding field line)

wxya

The degree of influence: W followed by D·UN. The effect is small

Magnification area: V6E less, 2E less, 20 less

L+ Vsp

Tce=

output resistance)

Duzhi area: When V area=0, e Las!

Saturation zone: UE UB, less V6e. Je collects a certain ability less, 22/%, Les ~ Lassnt)

Breakdown zone: Laf (Ve is not), Ve/BSCE has a low consumption point, is very potty, and can be penetrated by avalanches.

The characteristics of the front exit of the vehicle are recorded as (Vc〉 sconst

oeLh

Vg=0

-i2leso

-VE

Meycso

If it is too small, there will be fewer compound causes. Let the young people work.

When ie is too large, there will be fewer holes to fill up the base. OK

Losing gold with certificate as parameter Kcelbi-amc

(It can be seen from the input holding field line)

No.

D2ta

Less T, less V (Lecmet) (as mentioned above), 1 once) 9~2:5ml) = one-dimensional V.

Number of workers, P number in Area C, 1000/

T. Da7. Based on the compound 2,10), giant: 2000), this device = 6$.~7y6

Therefore, when the temperature rises, the input characteristic shifts to the left and the output characteristic shifts to the upward direction.

3. Limit parameters

As mentioned before, when i increases to a certain extent, the uterus will drop the star. Take the early spleen to the yellow high position.

When the signal is corresponding to the Lg collector, the flow is also Lg.

—ic

Veaoeso: When the emitter is open, the set will be broken down and suppressed. Usually tens of volts.

Veieso: The reverse breakdown of the emission system when the set pole is opened also presses, usually several volts.

Vis) C6o:

When the base is open circuit (Cis=0), the reverse breakdown between the bead and the emitter is also voltage.

VER2B0> VRyCEO> ViyEbo

T1.1e:280/, Veexco step.Venseto)

Women's wear before snow

All dressed up

The collector is allowed to dissipate maximum power Pem!

Laml

age

rPe=Usle

Gongge District

Excessive consumption

>Vos

VORX:6o

Qian should be lifted down

Amplify (set the life and add Vos-Voi to make the official product start your second game 7 amplification area, the cancellation of VE, le, c.Va (lh) are all done by

Comprehensive study of high-level work points and primary 6 credits>

Switch (input low 1 is also positive, UoX/6; input high is also year, 2 operation is saturated, Vo=Vkpat))

Judgment method, this is Pidan. Saturation: but<: amplification; G=0.1EV: cutoff,

No.

Date

Three. Tuo image grid field effect transistor.

Balu symbol

May night

stop pressure

Thayang District

Conditions

N channel

Enhancement type! running out of speed

KOB

G one

Ves> Lost>

oc VrscIis a k good

Vas>Vasiof）

Pirg Road

Enhanced

Vas < Vasta)

V-½t

depletion type

Take B

Vas Vosl)

Vs-Vssofr)

bias voltage

Full and full

Ves>sba)>0

Vos>Ve--Ustx）

Vass Vsse

Vos2Vos-Vsett).

Vs-Vat)<0

Ws< Us-Vt)

Ws^las-Vesyf).

Fang La.

Valve exit characteristics

1Vas:o

Lsalt$o

½s

-Ias

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

Pirg Road

Enhanced

Vas < Vasta)

V-½t

depletion type

Take B

Vas Vosl)

Vs-Vssofr)

bias voltage

Full and full

Ves>sba)>0

Vos>Ve--Ustx）

Vass Vsse

Vos2Vos-Vsett).

Vs-Vat)<0

Ws< Us-Vt)

Ws^las-Vesyf).

Fang La.

Valve exit characteristics

1Vas:o

Lsalt$o

½s

-Ias

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

V-½t

depletion type

Take B

Vas Vosl)

Vs-Vssofr)

bias voltage

Full and full

Ves>sba)>0

Vos>Ve--Ustx）

Vass Vsse

Vos2Vos-Vsett).

Vs-Vat)<0

Ws< Us-Vt)

Ws^las-Vesyf).

Fang La.

Valve exit characteristics

1Vas:o

Lsalt$o

½s

-Ias

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

depletion type

Take B

Vas Vosl)

Vs-Vssofr)

bias voltage

Full and full

Ves>sba)>0

Vos>Ve--Ustx）

Vass Vsse

Vos2Vos-Vsett).

Vs-Vat)<0

Ws< Us-Vt)

Ws^las-Vesyf).

Fang La.

Valve exit characteristics

1Vas:o

Lsalt$o

½s

-Ias

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

bias voltage

Full and full

Ves>sba)>0

Vos>Ve--Ustx）

Vass Vsse

Vos2Vos-Vsett).

Vs-Vat)<0

Ws< Us-Vt)

Ws^las-Vesyf).

Fang La.

Valve exit characteristics

1Vas:o

Lsalt$o

½s

-Ias

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

Ws^las-Vesyf).

Fang La.

Valve exit characteristics

1Vas:o

Lsalt$o

½s

-Ias

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

1Vsso

_Wo=Ket)

2½s

transfer characteristics

Aib

4ag

Veipm)

-Ws

Vet

Temperature adjustment modulation effect: The workers ask for the bottom and support the widest seats, and ask for the points in the flow. of: T1.Jay-b-i00:8.!

Question length modulation effect: in the saturation region. Vs is less, the clamping point moves towards the cause, the length of the channel)

When the dog's battery is turned off, the voltage on the 5-pole pole is always V.s-16g, so we know it.

Substrate lake response (wavelength grating response, volume effect): less Ms. width of the space charge region in the substrate),

Even during the investigation, there are fewer negative people in Mao District. Therefore, in the inversion bottom, there are work electrons, and the channel has less resistance.

The bleeding stops, so the shoe supply curve shifts to the right and the output curve goes down, Ve.t01.9004

Can be extremely blocked area R~ two devices

Kuanzi 9w: go out to u for food; Ken Ce Zhen Temple 8- out of joy. Zhen guide ratio = frame "L,

No.

Data

4. Junction field effect transistor.

Name

circuit fulan

Overwhelm God

Variable battery

by flow

Kiss from behind

saturated zone

Liufang Orange

Jingyi has outstanding characteristics

N-channel JFET

0>Vos>Veskff)

0>, Vas>Voseft)

oUas- Vasttp)yo

10A

Lpss

Mee)

-7Vas

Output nudge waitability.

'Vs=o

1Vsso

Pi Pass JFET

0< Uis< Vesbft)

W-Vasetp

O < Vas < Voskeft)

Wos^ Vas- Usgti

i=Vos-Vo(+answer)

Loss

Vos

/ese

Vas=

-Vas20

0>, Vas>Voseft)

oUas- Vasttp)yo

10A

Lpss

Mee)

-7Vas

Output nudge waitability.

'Vs=o

1Vsso

Pi Pass JFET

0< Uis< Vesbft)

W-Vasetp

O < Vas < Voskeft)

Wos^ Vas- Usgti

i=Vos-Vo(+answer)

Loss

Vos

/ese

Vas=

-Vas20

O < Vas < Voskeft)

Wos^ Vas- Usgti

i=Vos-Vo(+answer)

Loss

Vos

/ese

Vas=

-Vas20

i=Vos-Vo(+answer)

Loss

Vos

/ese

Vas=

-Vas20

No.

Date

Electronic circuit experiments: instruments.

-There are many basic measurements of common meat and circuit parameters.

1 Voltage measurement.

①Amplitude: JV~mY: digital pressure gauge, transistor voltage meter; W~NoY indicator, small and long.

② Frequency: Straightforward: Digital and pressure meter: No frequency, large circuit frequency response: permanent device, high power in the meter,

Echo test: Many AC voltmeters are designed to measure the positive voltage, and the state-of-the-art voltage meter has a direct high offset.

④ Resistance: The internal resistance of the meter needs to be measured far away from the voltage level. Generally, the legal value can be obtained by inputting the capacitance.

2. Measurement of input resistance and output resistance

Input: R-up RT) P5R. Small error when approaching

The output Ro is one (answer one NRSR), the time depth difference is small when approaching

.Measurement of voltage gain and frequency characteristics

Ensemble: A0 instrument

A. =Al4) 444), AoGf3: medium-grade soft characteristics, 4f): phase-frequency characteristics.

Measurement of amplitude-frequency characteristics:

Awi

You are straightforward: know how to write

Passband Bw

Capped money based on frequency

Lower limit starting address frequency

① Point-by-point method: keep the signal source input unchanged and change the signal

Frequency library, using a permanent wave device to calibrate the millivolt meter, Mao Fu's risk test

② Pre-sweep method: Capture and sweep the frequency to display the frequency characteristics of the concentrator.

No.

Date

2. SS7804 type indicator.

1. Screen display adjustment part

①POWER

② Bright hole-shaped feather/tracking switch (ITEN/BAAIN): 3 tracing height/

Determine the offset direction of the scan line. (Waveform not found》

③Screen brightness adjustment/lowering (REpOuT/ON/OFF): starting height/

Toggle subtitle text.

④Focus button: Make the waves clearer.

⑤ Sweep the track into a rotary hole and use the knob (TRACE ROTATiON: to make the sweep line waterwheel.

⑤SCALE: adjust the coordinate scale.

②Dog output calibration signal (CAL): output peak-to-peak value. dV, frequency I2 square stock.

② Ground manifold: Connect to the chassis,

2. The thin and light part.

① Signal output x2 (CH1 OrCH2): input resistance 1M, input resistance 25PF.

② General selection a (CH1 0CH2): CH!/CH2/double trace.

②Sky sensitivity adjustment

The > sign appears: the value cannot be determined.

(④Y displacement x2 (POSITLON): run up and down,

⑤ Input convergence x2 (DC/AC): DC convergence. Direct is AC; AC convergence: remove DC

⑤Ground (Owp), adjust the zero level (the recording field wind is off and short-circuited to measure the air)

⑦Signal addition (ADP) certificate

It shows the swimming power of CHL, CH2 and CHLtCH)

③ When the phase is reached (CINV), -CH2 can be installed to achieve CH1-CH2.

⑧ External TRIG input port (EXT TRIG) = Select external TRIG to access:

3.X-axis deflection part.

IRIG: Corner Departure.

Date

(b. Sweep time selection knob CTINE/DIV VARMABSLE), rotate coarsely, and set the value;

Press Weirun and 'No. 2' appears, an unreadable value.

②X-axis position color (PosITBON): Run left and right.

②.Sweep the damage and replace it with LAT CHoP): Douchi partner. High frequency; use the sweeping move: low frequency.

④Scanning and displaying (MAGX10): Each time is changed to the original (time).

⑤Horizontal micro-holes (AINE), used with PoslTiON

⑥ Jingli Source Selection (SOLRCE): CHIL /OH2/LINECSoHzt网)/EXT (Wai Ma Fang).

If there is a west road position, then the period of returning to the country will be longer than that of Luke Cape Fayuan.

》Choice of rough hair solution (COuP): AC/PC/HF-R (high frequency filter)/LF-R (low beard).

③Select the starting edge (SLOPE): ten upward opening edges and one falling edge:

Rimafabaping chooses adjustment (TRI6LEVEL): and faith means heaven and phase. Make swimming stable

(5 South Limit Hair Knot is not proved) (Where does Taiqian Hair No. 13 intersect)

①Normal scanning (NORM): The sky will send a signal to the scanning line, and people will be 1 of 5oH.

③3 Single scan 𡦖 (SCLRST): press once to send and scan once (hrenxiao)

④The first scan shows (X-T, A) that there is too much internal fault scanning and calibration time in the oil, so it is necessary to

15 X-Y sweep moves display (X-Y): CHI Nine Left X Cat, CHVCH2/CAIPDA2 added to Ya Che.

1 Cursor exchange (AV-At): AV (flat cursor》, At heavy fish cursor》, closed cursor.

①⑦ Cursor line switching (TOK/C2): ±), lower 6, double, week to move

1⑧ FUNCTION COARSE: Turn to adjust, press to move.

③Inhibition release adjustment (HOLD OP》).: Lofa uses the inhibition function to find a stable flow basin.

Tiaoyuejie releases Liubi.

No.

Date

4. Measure the voltage..

The basic and scanning lines are displayed on the screen; when you overlap them with the cursor, they are displayed under the screen.

5. Measure AC voltage peak-to-peak value

After a certain waveform is displayed on the shoulder, use the swipe shrimp to cut it and uncover the lower part to display it.

6. Phase measurement.

Use the west vertical station to mark the bad luck of having a two-digit number. Blasphemy "t." The difference between living and living is second-class. 2..

7. Time measurement

8. Frequency measurement.

Weekly eT performance (Saturday); What to do if the original curtain is not available and can be used as a pumping source (CAycr) channel

3. EE164ZBI type pass signal generator.

①Soft meter display

②Although the amplitude is shown (not N, use an oscilloscope to flow): the peak value at 502 ampere load...

⑤Change the sweep garden within the scan. CWIPTH)

④ Change the length of time for internal scanning. CRATE)

⑤Outdoor dog input socket (INPUT).

②TTL signal output: Automatically output standard TTL accompanying monthly reversal notification. There is an output impedance of 5ooc

①Function signal output: ~, , jihe output.

③Output account number hole section (APML): Fan Guo 2003

② DC bar adjustment. (OFFSET): -5~+5V (500R load), OFFP test off.

②Time secret adjustment (SYM): common duty cycle, Q is the benchmark (Keli).

10 output amplitude table reduction (ATT): 20018, 40d and, Q0+4) 0B, 0d13 milliseconds.

②2 Select the quilt shape: ~, ~, .

No.

Date

4. Experiment: The use of commonly used electronic devices and the measurement method of Erman1 network parameters.

00 monthly punch width: VnkY Lianghong standard card)

②Mean pulse width of grass: tw (AT card increases by 5%% and decreases by 50% at 2 time points).

③ Period D (should be clicked when you are speculating on Linka Shangmai 2).

④Publication time tr (o1Mm~0g)

⑤Falling time (0.iVn~01Ma)).

⑤ Capacity ratio》(Xin)

①The difference must be equal